HALAL INDUSTRY: A LITERATURE BIBLIOMETRIC REVIEW

The halal industry has become the fastest growing global business and has reached 1.8 billion consumers globally with an estimated value of USD 2.1 trillion and has become the main focus for developing halal recognition processes or regulatory agencies in making the halal industry growth. This study aims to find out the most influential writers and what issues are most explored in the halal industry, the pattern of halal industry research, which countries and their relationship with publications can be used as benchmarks for further research, present findings from the most written articles, and provide direction for further research on the theme of the Halal Industry. This study quantitatively analyzes the literature on the halal industry, represented by 141 English articles from the Scopus database from 2009 to 2022. By using a bibliometric approach plus content analysis. This study found that Malaysia was the most relevant country: The University of Technology MARA is the most relevant institution, International Journal of Supply Chain Management, the Journal of Islamic Marketing, Malaysian Journal of Consumer and Family Economics, and Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities. There are three main clusters of research: (1) Halal Business, (2) Halal Industry and Tourism, and (3) Halal Marketing and Certification.


A. Introduction
Halal in Arabic refers to 'permitted' or 'halal,' an important concern and obligation for all Muslims 1 or halal in Sharia, and all consumables are considered halal unless specifically restricted. The concept of Halal is typically restricted to the realm of consumption free of pork, alcohol, and its derivatives, as well as animals that have been ritually slain 2 . Halal is not only a religious obligation but also has a strong market power where the demand for halal food or products continues to increase significantly 3 .
The following are several published modules related to the halal industry, including logistics, food service, slaughter and processing and animal welfare. This is followed by several modules on laboratory testing and analysis, animal feed, food and cosmetic processing and personal care. The fields such as: halal industry i.g. halal food 5 , halal product 6 , halal logistics 7 , and halal tourism 8 ; halal management i.g. halal supply chain management 9 , and halal management system 10 ; halal science i.g. halal cosmetics ingredients 11 ; halal consumerism 12 . This indicates the development of the study of halal. This also has implications for further research on the halal industry. Directions are needed for future research so that this bibliometric research can be helpful for researchers.Malaysia is a country that produces the most research on the halal industry in the world. The halal industry has an impact on the economy in Malaysia. The halal industry is snowballing not only in Malaysia but globally 13  what key issues need to be addressed in upcoming studies on this subject.

Analysis Tools
Analyzing the text and using bibliometrics make up the meta-literature review. Applications used for bibliometric analysis are VOSviewer and Excel.
Researchers carried out four stages for the analysis of the halal industry: (1) bibliometric citation analysis, (2) bibliometric co-citation analysis, (3) bibliometric co-author analysis, and (4) content analysis. Consistent with Van Eck and Waltman (2021), researchers used VOSviewer software to perform bibliometric analysis and MS Excel to manage numbers and data with formulas and generate graphs. VOSviewer helps researchers create and visualize bibliometric networks, called maps 23 , which find relationships between authors, sources, countries, and keywords, as well as find coauthors, co-occurrence, and co-quotes.
First, we conducted a bibliometric co-citation study using VOSviewer, which helped us pinpoint the top three research clusters. The term "cocitation" refers to how frequently two publications are cited together and suggests a close connection between them 24 . In the next stage, the researcher identifies aspects of the literature that are influential in bibliometric citations. The author classifies contributions in terms of institutions, namely describing the general figure of halal industry data (Table 1), distribution of the year of the article (Table 2), author's graph (Figure 2), and Institution affiliated with the author (Table 3), article source (Table 4), country (Table 5), top 20 authors (Table 6), Most cited authors (Table 7), the impact of journals (Table 8). In the third stage, we illustrate authorship networks in the literature on the halal business by utilizing the VOSviewer to analyze bibliometric co-authorship (Figures 5 and 6) and keyword co-occurrence citations (Figures 3 and 4).

C. Results and Discussion
The researcher identified the citation mapping using VOSviewer. Based on shared citations, VOSviewer classifies articles into distinct research clusters that are characterized by different colors.
According to the study's findings, there are three main groups of literature in the halal market (Figure 3). We examined the text of each manuscript to assign labels to these clusters. The identification that follows produces the following groupings: The researcher examines the key points of the halal industry literature that resulted from these three study clusters in the paragraphs that follow.
The primary items that belong to this family are listed in Table 1. Table 1 describes a general picture of the data. Eighty-five journals are the source of the 141 articles. There are 12 self-written articles, which means the collaboration rate is relatively high.

Table 1. General Figure Description About Halal Industry Data
Source: Processed Data (2022) Table 2 shows the annual distribution of articles published from 2009 to 2022. The average annual growth is 53%. Despite the start of scientific publications in 2009, the halal business study topic started to get attention after 2010. In contrast, a Scopus search on the terms "Halal Industry" and "Titles" turned up more than 160 publications.

Table 2. Distribution of Published Year Articles About Halal Industry
Source: Processed Data (2022) Figure 1 shows the authors who publish the most frequently on this topic. Ab Talib, M.S. has five articles, followed by Abdullah, A., Azmi, F.R., and Hassan, H., with four articles each.

Excerpts Analysis
Citation analysis is used to study the relationship between the citation and the cited articles as well as publications that contain citations and to objectively identify influential papers in a given topic. In order to track popularity, citation analysis is also used to evaluate the evolution of citations   Table 7 shows the author's impact. Ab Talib, M.S. is the most cited author in the Halal Industry, followed by Abdullah, A. and Azmi, F. R. In the 10th author, Adham, K.A. is the last.

Network and content analysis using mapping tools
In order to identify two study clusters and potential future research areas, this section studies topic progression and clustering.

Keywords
The author's analysis used keywords and set the minimum number to ten occurrences, reducing the threshold to 14 because the criteria gave limited results. Figure 2 shows the results of the keyword analysis. It can be seen that there are two groups/clumps of research literature. Figure   3 shows two clumps. In addition to showing research clusters, keyword analysis also highlights research clusters. Figure 2 shows that studies on the halal industry are divided into 3 clusters: halal products (red clusters), halal tourism (green clusters), and halal certification (blue clusters).

Research Clusters 1: Halal Business
Halal economics or business is another area where Malaysia is a pioneer and can make further scientific contributions in developing products, tracking systems and standards. Malaysian scientists are in a good position to create halal product quality standards and certification programs.
Alternative and substitute materials are needed for medicines, food and cosmetic products. Quality and safety have to be built into it. Food traceability is essential for businesses to be able to trust the supply chain and swiftly isolate affected commodities if issues develop.
The first research group on halal business focuses on interrelated areas, including trade, halal food, logistics, halal products, and supply chain. Halal food has a significant influence on buying and selling interest in halal food 27 , and some of these foods even have halal packaged and produced by non-Muslim manufacturers 28 .
Furthermore, research on halal logistics, where the influence of halal logistics can provide potential opportunities from a SWOT analysis literature review 29 and the primary forces behind contributing to the most recent information in logistics management are changes in consumption so that this research can serve as a base or a reference in the future for more qualified research 30 .

Research Clusters 2: Halal Industry and Tourism
The second cluster of research on halal and tourism focuses on interrelated areas, including the halal industry and halal tourism. In the halal 27 Lubis and others; Ab-Talib, Mohamed and others; Mohd Nawawi and others; Shah Alam and Mohamed Sayuti. 28 Azam. 29 Pahim, Jemali, and Mohamad; Zailani and others; Ab Talib and Hamid. 30 Haleem and Khan; Talib and others. industry, electronic database search results include articles focusing on halal certification, supply chain management and halal product development 31 .

Research Clusters 3: Halal Marketing and Certification
In this third group, halal marketing emphasizes PCR and DNA technology, until now PCR can be viewed as a traditional method that provides accurate and sensitive results for the identification of small amounts of DNA from various species. However, PCR analysis is only performed in specialized testing facilities, making it unavailable to product users 32 .
Halal certification shows that isomorphism, coercive, normative, and mimetic explain the impetus for implementing halal food certificates 33 .

Future Research Directions
There  addition, SWOT analysis in other halal markets such as pharmaceutical and health products, food, and tourism. Future research should involve other industry players such as halal authorities, food/product manufacturers, government agencies, and retailers to strengthen the reliability of the findings. Halal food is becoming increasingly important as the global religious, economic and socio-political environment changes 42 .
Future research will also focus on the idea of halal tourism, opportunities, and potential effects of diaspora on Muslim and non-Muslim nations. The work done by many non-profit organizations and microfinance institutions is potentially supporting women's entrepreneurship in developing countries 43 .

E. Conclusion
Predictions related to research clustering on the topic of the halal industry is a new thing resulting from this research. The researcher identifies three research clusters in the halal industry and closely analyses each cluster to identify any gaps that might point the direction of future halal industry research: First, future researchers must examine Elseidi R.I.'s theoretical arguments. Comparative analysis can be conducted on non-Muslim consumers regarding the purchase of halal food products in the UK with Muslim consumers for future research to examine religiosity and its effect on consumer behavior in other industries.
Second, concerning the halal industry and tourism, which focuses on these interrelated areas, It is suggested that further investigation be more exploratory and identify more variables and effects of diaspora on potential Third, knowing about halal marketing and certification where there is smartphone technology that is useful for detecting alcohol, DNA, or protein for halal food analysis, besides smartphone technology, halal certification also attracts more comprehensive literature reviews and validates case study concepts.
The implications of these findings are the development of halal industry studies from further researchers so as to enrich knowledge, especially in the halal industry. This research direction can be beneficial for society and institutions to support decision making or policy. As the example above, the halal industry in Malaysia also contributes to the country's economy. The limitations of this study only focus on the theme of the halal industry and only use Scopus as a data source. Table 9. Descriptive review of the 20 most cited articles