Islamic Philanthropy Transformation: Redefining Asnāf Zakat to Strengthen Family Resilience
Keywords:
Redefinition, Zakat, Asnāf, Family Resilience
Abstract
The traditional distribution of zakat, which focuses on individual charitable aid to the eight categories of recipients (asnāf), is increasingly seen as less effective at addressing the multidimensional vulnerabilities of modern Muslim families. This socio-legal research underscores the necessity of repositioning zakat from a predominantly consumptive tool into a transformative mechanism for strengthening family resilience. Using Froma Walsh’s Family Resilience Theory as an analytical lens, this study examines the strategic redefinition of the eight asnāf. The research employs a socio-legal approach, combining normative legal analysis of fiqh texts with an examination of contemporary zakat policies and practices to develop an integrative analytical framework. The findings indicate that redefining the asnāf enables zakat distribution to move beyond consumptive assistance toward a more integrated and preventive approach that supports multiple dimensions of family resilience, including economic stability, relational cohesion, and value reinforcement. This study proposes a family-centered zakat distribution framework, in which zakat not only fulfills basic needs but also actively strengthens systemic resilience, in line with the maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, particularly the protection of progeny (ḥifẓ al-nasl) and wealth (ḥifẓ al-māl).
References
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Qaraḍāwī, Yūsuf. Fiqh Al-Zakāh: A Comprehensive Study of Zakah Regulations and Philosophy in the Light of the Qur’an and Sunnah. The Other Press, 2011.
Qardlawi, Yusuf. Fiqhuz-Zakat. Bogor: Pustaka Litera Antar Nusa, 1996.
Ro’fah, Revika arnita Sari, Haddat Alwi, and Muh Ulil Absor. “Reintegration Of Indonesian Migrant Workers: Economic And Social Challenges In Post-Migration Contexts.” IDACON - International Da’wah Conference, December 19, 2025, 161–70.
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Saleh, Abdulmajid Obaid Hasan, Azman Mohd Noor, and Younis Sawalhi. “Considering the Maqasid Al-Shariah (Objectives of Shariah) in Contemporary Zakat Collection and Distribution.” At-Tajdid - Intellectual Refereed Journal, July 31, 2024, 351–73.
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———. “Family Resilience: A Dynamic Systemic Framework.” In Multisystemic Resilience: Adaptation and Transformation in Contexts of Change, edited by Michael Ungar, 0. Oxford University Press, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190095888.003.0015.
———. “The Concept of Family Resilience: Crisis and Challenge.” Family Process 35, no. 3 (1996): 261–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.1996.00261.x.
Yusuf Qaradhawi. “Fiqh Awlawiyyat.” Kairo: Al-Maktab al-Islami, 1999. https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/yusuf-qaradhawi-fiqh-awlawiyyat/30118182.
Zainuddin, Zainuddin. “Pemaknaan Ulang Ar Riqab Dalam Upaya Optimalisasi Fungsi Zakat Bagi Kesejahteraan Umat.” Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum 25, no. 3 (September 2018): 601–22. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol25.iss3.art9.
Zakirman, Al Fakhri, Musa Musa, and M. Sholeh Marsudi. “Problem Mu’allaf Thionghoa Bangka Pasca Konversi Agama.” Ri’ayah: Jurnal Sosial dan Keagamaan 8, no. 1 (July 2023): 63. https://doi.org/10.32332/riayah.v8i1.6609.
Abu Zakaria Muhyiddin Yahya bin Syaraf an-Nawawi. Al Majmu’ Syarah al Muhadzdzab. Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr, 2022. http://archive.org/details/al-mughni-syarah-al-muhudzdzab.
Adams, Adrienne E., and Cris M Sullivan. “Development of the Scale of Economic Abuse.” Sage Publications, ahead of print, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801208315529.
Ahmed, Habib and Islamic Development Bank Group, Jeddah. Role of Zakāh and Awqāf in Poverty Alleviation. With Islamic Research & Training Institute, Jeddah. Occasional Paper / Islamic Development Bank Group, Islamic Research & Training Institute 8. Jeddah: Islamic Development Bank Group, Islamic Research & Training Institute, 2004.
Al-Ragīb Al-Ashfahānī, Abū Al-Qāsim Al-Ḥusain Ibn Muḥammad. Mu’jam Mufradat Alfaz al-Qur’an. Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr, n.d. http://digilib.walisongo.ac.id/slims/index.php?p=show_detail&id=1614.
Amato, Paul R. “Research on Divorce: Continuing Trends and New Developments.” Journal of Marriage and Family 72, no. 3 (June 2010): 650–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00723.x.
Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (Baznas RI). Fikih Zakat Kontekstual Indonesia. Jakarta: BAZNAS, 2018.
BAZNAS, Puskas. “Outlook Zakat Indonesia 2024.” BAZNAS Center of Strategic Studies. Accessed April 29, 2026. https://www.puskasbaznas.com/publications/books/1857-buku-outlook-zakat-indonesia-2024.
Chapra, M. Umer. The Future of Economics: An Islamic Perspective. Kube Publishing Ltd, 2016.
Didin Hafidhuddin. Zakat Dalam Perekonomian Modern. Jakarta: Gema Insani Press, 2002.
https://books.google.co.id/books?id=a6o2sAU07XkC&printsec=copyright#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Duncan, James M., Mary Elizabeth Garrison, and Timothy S. Killian. “Measuring Family Resilience: Evaluating the Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire.” The Family Journal 29, no. 1 (January 2021): 80–85. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480720956641.
Fauzi, Muhamad, and Agus Gunawan. “Hoping Of Zakat Reinforcing Philanthropy In Indonesia.” Iqtishaduna: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Kita 11, no. 1 (June 2022): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.46367/iqtishaduna.v11i1.550.
Fitrianto, Fitrianto. “Transformasi Zakat Dalam Membangun Sosioekonomi Umat Bebas Riba.” Iqtishaduna: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Kita 2, no. 2 (December 2013): 461–84.
Guo, Chunlan, Jeremy Ko, Xiaoxian Chen, and Chun Kai Leung. “When the Economy Breaks Down, Do Marriages Follow? Crisis Type and Family Dissolution across 83 Countries (1990–2019).” Applied Research in Quality of Life 21, no. 2 (April 2026): 615–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-025-10540-z.
Herlin Fauzia Safitri, Fatimatuz Zahroh, and Eko Suprayitno. “The Influence of Distribution of Zakat, Infaq and Sadaqah (ZIS) Funds and Economic Generation on the Social Welfare of the City/Regency Level in East Java in 2021-2023.” International Journal of Management Research and Economics 2, no. 3 (June 2024): 286–304. https://doi.org/10.54066/ijmre-itb.v2i3.2060.
Hulwati, Hulwati, Roni Andespa, Slamet Mujiono, and Andriani Syofyan. “Zakat for Humanity in Disaster Mitigation.” International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 19, no. 5 (May 2024): 1929–39. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.190531.
Imam Muhammad bin Idris al-Syafi‘i. Al Umm. Beirut: Dar Ibn Hazm, 2021. http://archive.org/details/kitab-al-umm-fiqh-fikih-fiqih-by-imam-syafii.
Johnson, Laura, Yafan Chen, Amanda Stylianou, and Alexandra Arnold. “Examining the Impact of Economic Abuse on Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence: A Scoping Review.” BMC Public Health 22, no. 1 (May 2022): 1014. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13297-4.
Khan, Mohammad Ashfaq. “THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF ZAKAT IN CONTEMPORARY MUSLIM SOCIETIES \textbar Al-Aasar.” Al-Aasar 2, no. 1 (2025): 700–709.
KP2MI. “KP2MI | KEMENTERIAN PELINDUNGAN PEKERJA MIGRAN INDONESIA/BADAN PELINDUNGAN PEKERJA MIGRAN INDONESIA.” Accessed May 7, 2026. https://kp2mi.go.id/statistik-detail/data-penempatan-dan-pelindungan-pekerja-migran-indonesia-periode-januari-desember-2025.
Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia. “Laporan Tahunan Peradilan Agama 2021, 2022, 2023, dan 2024.” Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Badan Peradilan Agama, Mahkamah Agung RI, n.d.
Mawardi, Abu al-Hasan Ali bin Muhammad bin Habib al-. An-Nukat Wa Al-’Uyun Tafsir Al-Mawardi. III. Lebanon: Dar Al-Kotob Al-Ilmiyah, 2012.
Mawardi, Imam Al. Al-Ahkam As-Sulthaniyyah: Hukum-Hukum Penyelenggaraan Negara dalam Syariat Islam. Darul Falah, 2020.
Moga, Arsih Susanti. “Adaptasi, Respon, dan Stigma Terhadap Perempuan Muallaf di Desa Buntu Pepasan Toraja Utara.” Emik - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial 8, no. 1 (2025).
Ningrum, Ririn Tri Puspita. “Analisa Metode Penetapan Kriteria Kemiskinan Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Standarisasi Mustahiq Di Indonesia.” Engagement: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 1, no. 1 (September 2017): 77–110.
Prime, Heather, Mark Wade, and Dillon T. Browne. “Risk and Resilience in Family Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic.” American Psychologist 75, no. 5 (July 2020): 631–43. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000660.
Qaraḍāwī, Yūsuf. Fiqh Al-Zakāh: A Comprehensive Study of Zakah Regulations and Philosophy in the Light of the Qur’an and Sunnah. The Other Press, 2011.
Qardlawi, Yusuf. Fiqhuz-Zakat. Bogor: Pustaka Litera Antar Nusa, 1996.
Ro’fah, Revika arnita Sari, Haddat Alwi, and Muh Ulil Absor. “Reintegration Of Indonesian Migrant Workers: Economic And Social Challenges In Post-Migration Contexts.” IDACON - International Da’wah Conference, December 19, 2025, 161–70.
Rusli, Nazihah, and Firdaus Khairi Abdul Kadir. “The Challenges Encountered by Mualaf After Conversion to Islam: A Study on The Apostasy (Murtad) Cases in Malaysia.” International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 12, no. 8 (August 2022): Pages 538-544.
Saleh, Abdulmajid Obaid Hasan, Azman Mohd Noor, and Younis Sawalhi. “Considering the Maqasid Al-Shariah (Objectives of Shariah) in Contemporary Zakat Collection and Distribution.” At-Tajdid - Intellectual Refereed Journal, July 31, 2024, 351–73.
Shamsuddin, Mustafa Mat Jubri @., Mohd Fuad Md Sawari, and Mohamad Sabri Zakaria. “Redefining Asnaf Fi Sabillah: Contemporary Interpretations and Zakat Distribution Practices in Islamic Banking and Finance Institutions (IBFIs).” Journal of Islamic Finance 14, no. 1 (March 2025): 46–59.
Sudirman, Sudirman, Ramadhita Ramadhita, and Syabbul Bachri. “REVITALIZING PRODUCTIVE ZAKAT IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ERA IN EAST JAVA.” Jurisdictie: Jurnal Hukum Dan Syariah 12, no. 2 (2021): 275–93. https://doi.org/10.18860/j.v12i2.14089.
Sun, Liping, Jiawen Ju, Liying Kang, and Yufang Bian. “More Control, More Conflicts?" Clarifying the Longitudinal Relations between Parental Psychological Control and Parent-Adolescent Conflict by Disentangling between-Family Effects from within-Family Effects.” Journal of Adolescence 93 (2021): 212–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.11.004.
Syarbini, Syams al-Din Muhammad b Muhammad al-Khatib al-. Al-Mughni al-Muhtaj. Syarikat Maktabah wa Matba’ah Mustafa al-babi al-Halabi wa Awladih, 1958.
Taufik, Taufik, Muhammad Japar, Faza Izzuddin Nuha, and Hilwamadda Arrumaisha. “Social Support, Spiritual Well-Being, and Quality of Life Among Muslim Converts in Indonesia.” The Open Psychology Journal 18, no. 1 (September 2025): e18743501397917. https://doi.org/10.2174/0118743501397917250919095103.
Wahab, Al Juhairi. Zakat Kajian Berbagai Madzhab. Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya, 1995.
Walsh, Froma. “Family Resilience: A Developmental Systems Framework.” European Journal of Developmental Psychology 13, no. 3 (May 2016): 313–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2016.1154035.
———. “Family Resilience: A Dynamic Systemic Framework.” In Multisystemic Resilience: Adaptation and Transformation in Contexts of Change, edited by Michael Ungar, 0. Oxford University Press, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190095888.003.0015.
———. “The Concept of Family Resilience: Crisis and Challenge.” Family Process 35, no. 3 (1996): 261–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.1996.00261.x.
Yusuf Qaradhawi. “Fiqh Awlawiyyat.” Kairo: Al-Maktab al-Islami, 1999. https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/yusuf-qaradhawi-fiqh-awlawiyyat/30118182.
Zainuddin, Zainuddin. “Pemaknaan Ulang Ar Riqab Dalam Upaya Optimalisasi Fungsi Zakat Bagi Kesejahteraan Umat.” Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum 25, no. 3 (September 2018): 601–22. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol25.iss3.art9.
Zakirman, Al Fakhri, Musa Musa, and M. Sholeh Marsudi. “Problem Mu’allaf Thionghoa Bangka Pasca Konversi Agama.” Ri’ayah: Jurnal Sosial dan Keagamaan 8, no. 1 (July 2023): 63. https://doi.org/10.32332/riayah.v8i1.6609.
Published
2026-06-22
How to Cite
Panjalu, G., Salem, S., Farisi, S., Hadi, A., & Huda, S. (2026). Islamic Philanthropy Transformation: Redefining Asnāf Zakat to Strengthen Family Resilience. Mazahib, 25(1), 97-117. https://doi.org/10.21093/mj.v25i1.12755
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2026 Gandhung Fajar Panjalu, Salem Mohammad Salem, Salman Al Farisi, Abd. Hadi, Sholihul Huda
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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