Regulating Halal Products in Indonesia: Between Religious Needs and Socio-Economic Challenges
Abstract
As the most populous Muslim country in the world, Indonesia needs to spend seven decades until finally enacted the Halal Product Assurance Law in 2014. There are mixed responses in welcoming this law. Many Muslims are incredibly pleased with this law, while others believe that this law would create social and economic problems, instead. Four years have lapsed and the law is still difficult to be implemented, since the state has produced none of the implementing regulations of the said law. Meanwhile, the National Agency for Halal Product Assurance is newly established in 2018. Therefore, the law on halal product assurance is really at stake. It seems that the state enacted it half-heartedly. This paper discusses the dynamic of regulating halal products in Indonesia, between spiritual needs and socio-economic challenges. Less Muslim argued that halal is not part of Islamic teaching, yet many people believe that halal product in Indonesia is not merely a religious issue but also a social, economic and even political issue. The methods for this research are both normative and qualitative. Data are collected mainly through documents, library materials, and field research. To sharpen the findings, comparative studies with Malaysia and Thailand were conducted. In the end, this research reveals the socio-economic dynamics of halal product regulation in Indonesia amid which is beyond religious issues.
Keywords: halal product, Indonesia, regulation.
References
Abadi, Tulus, et.al., Peran Serta Masyarakat dalam Pemberian Informasi Produk Halal. Jakarta: Ministry of Law and Human Rights, National Law Development Board, 2011.
Ali, Muhammad, “Muslim Diversity: Islam and Local Tradition in Java and Sulawesi”, Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies (Vol. 1 No. 1 June 2011).
Amaliah, Ledia Hanifa, Menata Jaminan Halal di Indonesia, Jakarta: Beebooks Publishing, 2016..
Aminah, Siti, Peluang Indonesia Sebagai Pusat Halal Dunia,dipresentasikan dalam seminar Implementasi Undang-Undang Jaminan Produk Halal di Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 30 April 2015.
Armia, Muhammad Siddiq, Implementing Islamic Constitutionalism: How Islamic Is Indonesia Constitution? Journal Al 'Adalah, Vol.15, No.2 (2018); 437-450.
Astogini, Dwiwiyati, et.al. “Aspek Religiusitas dalam Keputusan Pembelian Produk Halal: Studi tentang Labelisasi Halal pada Produk Makanan dan Minuman Kemasan” Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis dan Akuntansi. Vol 13, No.1: 2011.
Bidin, J., Development of Halal Industry in Malaysia, (Halal Products Research Institute, University Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 2009)
http://www.ipmgonline.com/images/file/fileA115120120928173455.pdf
IPMG Position Paper on the Bill on Halal Product Assurance. See file available online https://ipmg-online.com/en
Jati, Sumunar, Vice Director of LPPOM MUI in the Focus Group Discussion at the Faculty of Law of the University of Indonesia, 14 October 2016.
Karim, Muchith A., Perilaku Konsumen Muslim Perkotaan dalam Mengkonsumsi Produk Halal, Jakarta: Badan Litbang dan Diklat Kementerian Agama, 2013, pp. 60-61.
Karimah, Iffah, "Perlindungan Hak atas Informasi Bagi Konsumen Muslim dalam Undang-Undang Nomer 33 Tahun 2014 tentang Jaminan Produk Halal”, Undergraduate Thesis, Universitas Indonesia, 2015; 53.
Karimah, Iffah, “Protection of Right to Information for Muslim Consumers in Act Number 33 of 2014 about Halal Product Assurance”, Bachelor Thesis, Universitas Indonesia, 2015: 83.
Karimah, Iffah. “Change of Authority Of Authorized Institutions In Halal Certification Process”, Jurnal Syariah Lembaga Kajian Islam dan Hukum Islam, Edisi III, November 2015.
Nashrullah, Nashih, “Sertifikasi Halal Meningkat”, Republika, Selasa 1 November 2011, 12.
Pakorn Priyakorn, Thailand: Muslim Friendly Destination available at: http://www.tatnews.org/pdf/Thailand%20Muslim%20Friendly%20Destination_Dr.%20Pakorn%20Priyakorn.pdf
Purnomo, Dwi, et al., “ASEAN Halal Agro-Industry Products and Institutional Competitiveness Mapping”, Proceedings International Conference on Food Science and Nutrition 2012, (The Pacific Sutera Hotel Kinabalu-Sabah-Malaysia 2nd-4th April 2012).
Said, Mahiah. et all, “Assessing Consumers' Perception, Knowledge and Religiosity on Malaysia's Halal Food Products”,(Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2014); 121.
Trade Description (Certification and Marking of Halal order); 2011.
Zakaria, Zalina and Ismail, Siti Zubaidah, The Trade Description Act 2011: Regulating ‘Halal’ in Malaysia, International Conference on Law, Management and Humanities, 2014.
Zulham, Academician of Consumer Protection Law from IAIN North Sumatra in the Focus Group Discussion at the Faculty of Law of the University of Indonesia, 14 October 2016.
Websites
http://www.hhp.co.id/files/Uploads/Documents/Type%202/HHP/al_jakarta_halalproductassurance_jan15.pdf
https://www.republika.co.id/berita/dunia-islam/islam-nusantara/18/11/01/phi5xb384-ppom-mui-sertifikasi-halal-umkm-masih-minim, accessed on 10 June 2019.
Arief Setyadi. "Kewenangan Tunggal Produk Halal di Tangan Kemenag." Okezone.com. Kamis, 25 September 2014. Diakses 14 April 2015 di http://news.okezone.com/read/2014/09/25/ 339/1044256/kewenangan-tunggal-produk-halal-di-tangan-kemenag
See http://www.thaihalalfoods.com/EN/industry-thai.php?id=11
See https://www.facebook.com/BH.Thailand/
See http://www.amcham.or.id/fe/4839-indonesia-s-halal-food-law-pros-and-cons
See http://www.amcham.or.id/fe/4839-indonesia-s-halal-food-law-pros-and-cons
http://www.thaihalalfoods.com/EN/industry-thai.php?id=11
Pemantapan SJH Indonesia Menuju Kelas Dunia, 5 January 2011, accessed in http://www.pusathalal.com/ berita/berita-seputar-halal/item/99-pemantap an-sjh-indonesia-menuju-kelas-dunia.
American Chamber of Commerce in Indonesia. 18 December 2014. Accessed in http://www.amcham.or.id/fe/4839-indonesia-s-halal-food-law-pros-and-cons
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/markaz/2016/07/07/whats-different-about-islam-in-malaysia-and-indonesia/ accessed on 9 June 2019.
Please see https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/04/01/the-countries-with-the-10-largest-christian-populations-and-the-10-largest-muslim-populations/ accessed on 9 June 2019.
Documents
Badan Pusat Statistik (Central Agency for Statistics) in 2010. Other religious groups are Christians (16,528,513), Catholics (6,907,873) Hindu (4,012,116), Buddhists (1,703,254) Confucianists (117,091) and others (around 1.3 million).
Indonesia, Academic Draft of Halal Product Guarantee Act, Jakarta: Secretary of Commision VIII, DPR RI. 2011. p. 114-115.
Indonesia, Consumer Protection Law, Article 8 paragraph (1) point h.
Indonesia, Undang-Undang Jaminan Produk Halal, Article 37.
Indonesia, Undang-Undang Jaminan Produk Halal, Op.Cit, Article 5, ayat (3).
Indonesia, Undang-Undang Jaminan Produk Halal, UU No. 33 Tahun 2014, LN Tahun 2014 No. 295, TLN No. 5604, Article 4.
Law No. 18 the Year 2012 on Food, Article 69.
Law Number 18 the Year 2009 on Animal Farming and Animal Health, Article 58 paragraph (4).
Ali, Muhammad, “Muslim Diversity: Islam and Local Tradition in Java and Sulawesi”, Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies (Vol. 1 No. 1 June 2011).
Amaliah, Ledia Hanifa, Menata Jaminan Halal di Indonesia, Jakarta: Beebooks Publishing, 2016..
Aminah, Siti, Peluang Indonesia Sebagai Pusat Halal Dunia,dipresentasikan dalam seminar Implementasi Undang-Undang Jaminan Produk Halal di Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 30 April 2015.
Armia, Muhammad Siddiq, Implementing Islamic Constitutionalism: How Islamic Is Indonesia Constitution? Journal Al 'Adalah, Vol.15, No.2 (2018); 437-450.
Astogini, Dwiwiyati, et.al. “Aspek Religiusitas dalam Keputusan Pembelian Produk Halal: Studi tentang Labelisasi Halal pada Produk Makanan dan Minuman Kemasan” Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis dan Akuntansi. Vol 13, No.1: 2011.
Bidin, J., Development of Halal Industry in Malaysia, (Halal Products Research Institute, University Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 2009)
http://www.ipmgonline.com/images/file/fileA115120120928173455.pdf
IPMG Position Paper on the Bill on Halal Product Assurance. See file available online https://ipmg-online.com/en
Jati, Sumunar, Vice Director of LPPOM MUI in the Focus Group Discussion at the Faculty of Law of the University of Indonesia, 14 October 2016.
Karim, Muchith A., Perilaku Konsumen Muslim Perkotaan dalam Mengkonsumsi Produk Halal, Jakarta: Badan Litbang dan Diklat Kementerian Agama, 2013, pp. 60-61.
Karimah, Iffah, "Perlindungan Hak atas Informasi Bagi Konsumen Muslim dalam Undang-Undang Nomer 33 Tahun 2014 tentang Jaminan Produk Halal”, Undergraduate Thesis, Universitas Indonesia, 2015; 53.
Karimah, Iffah, “Protection of Right to Information for Muslim Consumers in Act Number 33 of 2014 about Halal Product Assurance”, Bachelor Thesis, Universitas Indonesia, 2015: 83.
Karimah, Iffah. “Change of Authority Of Authorized Institutions In Halal Certification Process”, Jurnal Syariah Lembaga Kajian Islam dan Hukum Islam, Edisi III, November 2015.
Nashrullah, Nashih, “Sertifikasi Halal Meningkat”, Republika, Selasa 1 November 2011, 12.
Pakorn Priyakorn, Thailand: Muslim Friendly Destination available at: http://www.tatnews.org/pdf/Thailand%20Muslim%20Friendly%20Destination_Dr.%20Pakorn%20Priyakorn.pdf
Purnomo, Dwi, et al., “ASEAN Halal Agro-Industry Products and Institutional Competitiveness Mapping”, Proceedings International Conference on Food Science and Nutrition 2012, (The Pacific Sutera Hotel Kinabalu-Sabah-Malaysia 2nd-4th April 2012).
Said, Mahiah. et all, “Assessing Consumers' Perception, Knowledge and Religiosity on Malaysia's Halal Food Products”,(Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2014); 121.
Trade Description (Certification and Marking of Halal order); 2011.
Zakaria, Zalina and Ismail, Siti Zubaidah, The Trade Description Act 2011: Regulating ‘Halal’ in Malaysia, International Conference on Law, Management and Humanities, 2014.
Zulham, Academician of Consumer Protection Law from IAIN North Sumatra in the Focus Group Discussion at the Faculty of Law of the University of Indonesia, 14 October 2016.
Websites
http://www.hhp.co.id/files/Uploads/Documents/Type%202/HHP/al_jakarta_halalproductassurance_jan15.pdf
https://www.republika.co.id/berita/dunia-islam/islam-nusantara/18/11/01/phi5xb384-ppom-mui-sertifikasi-halal-umkm-masih-minim, accessed on 10 June 2019.
Arief Setyadi. "Kewenangan Tunggal Produk Halal di Tangan Kemenag." Okezone.com. Kamis, 25 September 2014. Diakses 14 April 2015 di http://news.okezone.com/read/2014/09/25/ 339/1044256/kewenangan-tunggal-produk-halal-di-tangan-kemenag
See http://www.thaihalalfoods.com/EN/industry-thai.php?id=11
See https://www.facebook.com/BH.Thailand/
See http://www.amcham.or.id/fe/4839-indonesia-s-halal-food-law-pros-and-cons
See http://www.amcham.or.id/fe/4839-indonesia-s-halal-food-law-pros-and-cons
http://www.thaihalalfoods.com/EN/industry-thai.php?id=11
Pemantapan SJH Indonesia Menuju Kelas Dunia, 5 January 2011, accessed in http://www.pusathalal.com/ berita/berita-seputar-halal/item/99-pemantap an-sjh-indonesia-menuju-kelas-dunia.
American Chamber of Commerce in Indonesia. 18 December 2014. Accessed in http://www.amcham.or.id/fe/4839-indonesia-s-halal-food-law-pros-and-cons
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/markaz/2016/07/07/whats-different-about-islam-in-malaysia-and-indonesia/ accessed on 9 June 2019.
Please see https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/04/01/the-countries-with-the-10-largest-christian-populations-and-the-10-largest-muslim-populations/ accessed on 9 June 2019.
Documents
Badan Pusat Statistik (Central Agency for Statistics) in 2010. Other religious groups are Christians (16,528,513), Catholics (6,907,873) Hindu (4,012,116), Buddhists (1,703,254) Confucianists (117,091) and others (around 1.3 million).
Indonesia, Academic Draft of Halal Product Guarantee Act, Jakarta: Secretary of Commision VIII, DPR RI. 2011. p. 114-115.
Indonesia, Consumer Protection Law, Article 8 paragraph (1) point h.
Indonesia, Undang-Undang Jaminan Produk Halal, Article 37.
Indonesia, Undang-Undang Jaminan Produk Halal, Op.Cit, Article 5, ayat (3).
Indonesia, Undang-Undang Jaminan Produk Halal, UU No. 33 Tahun 2014, LN Tahun 2014 No. 295, TLN No. 5604, Article 4.
Law No. 18 the Year 2012 on Food, Article 69.
Law Number 18 the Year 2009 on Animal Farming and Animal Health, Article 58 paragraph (4).
Published
2019-06-30
How to Cite
Susetyo, H., Prihatini, F., Karimah, I., & Ghozi, A. (2019). Regulating Halal Products in Indonesia: Between Religious Needs and Socio-Economic Challenges. Mazahib, 18(1), 1-43. https://doi.org/10.21093/mj.v18i1.1372
Section
Articles
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