Restorative Justice in Settling Minor Criminal Disputes in Ponorogo, East Java: An Islamic Law Perspective
Abstract
This article aims at examining the viability of a village court as an alternative settlement of minor criminal disputes in the district of Mlarak, Ponorogo, East Java. Among the cases resolved through restorative justice are petty theft, juvenile delinquencies, crimes against women and children, and public order disruption. The village court has used mediation among the disputants in the search of a consensus without harming each party. The consensus achieved signifies the return of balance in the community which has been damaged by the offenses. This makes dispute resolution through mediation and customary justice in line with the concept of Restorative Justice. However, there are obstacles in the resolution of cases through mediation. This includes: first, there are no regulations governing village justice procedures so that the mediation and village justice procedures differ from one village to another. Second, the determination of sanctions for minor criminal offenses is perceived to have not deterred some of the perpetrators. This is evidenced by the repetition of criminal acts committed by the perpetrators which, thus, has created public unrest. Third, the level of understanding of community leaders towards the law is still lacking. This has resulted in discrepancies in settling the disputes. From the Islamic law perspective, the settlement of a dispute by means of the village justice is in accordance with the Sharia. It constitutes the implementation of al-shulh system and ta‘zīr concept in the provision of punishment for the perpetrators
Keyword: Restorative Justice, al-Sulh, Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), Minor Criminal Disputes
References
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Badan Pembinaan Hukum nasional Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, Laporan Tim Pengkajian Hukum tentang Sistem Pembinaan Narapidana Berdasarkan Prinsip Restorative justice, 2012
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Mirosavljevic, Anja. Modeli Restorativne Pravde U Svijetu Za Milade U Sukobu Sa Zakonomi Pregled Istrazivanja Njihove Uncinkovitosti, Kriminologija I Socijalna Integracija. Vol. 18 2010
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Muladi, Pendekatan Restorative Justice dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana dan implementasinya dalam sistem Pradilan Pidana Anak, Program magister Hukum Universitas Diponegoro dan Program magister Hukum Universitas Semarang, Tidak dipublikasikan
Mulya Lubis, Todung dan Alexander Lay, Kontroversi Hukuman Mati; Perbedaan pendapat hakim Konstitusi. Jakarta: Kompas Media Nusantara. 2009.
Qafishes, Mu’taz M, Restorative Justice in the Islamic Penal Law: a Contribution to the Global System, International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue, Hebrone University, Palestine.2012
Raharjo, Trisno. Mediasi Pidana dalam Ketentuan Hukum Pidana Adat, Jurnal Hukum No. 3 Vol 17 Juli, 2010
Ramzy, Ahmad. Perdamaian dalam hukum Pidana Islam dan Penerapan restorative Justice dikaitkan dengan pembaruan hukum pidana di Indonesia, Thesis, Fakultas Hukum Program Pascasarjana Universitas Indonesia
Romsan, Achmad. Alternative Dispute Resolution: Teknik Penyelesaian Sengketa di luar Pengadilan:Negoisasi dan Mediasi. Malang,Setara Press. 2016.
Tutt, Norman. Restorative justice in Practice in Great Britain and Ireland, European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research Vol5-4. 2018
Utsman, Rachmadi. Pilihan Penyelesaian Sengketa di Luar Pengadilan. Bandung: PT Citra Aditya Bakti. 2013.
Wahid, Eriyantouw. Keadilan Restoratif dan Peradilan Konvensional dalam Hukum Pidana. Jakarta: Universitas Trisakti. 2009
Wenzel, Michael Tyler G. Okimoto, Norman T. Feather, Michael J. Platow, “Retributive and Restorative Justice”, Law and Human Behavior issue 5 vol 32, Published online. 2007.
Zuhayli, Wahbah, Fiqh al-Islami Wa Adillatuh, Jilid 7, (Dimashqa: Dar Al Fikr al-‘Ilmiyah, 1997)
Zulfa, Eva Achjani. Keadilan Restoratif dan Revitalisasi Lembaga Adat Indonesia, Jurnal Kriminologi Indonesia, Vol. 6 No. 2. 2010.
____________. Keadilan Restoratif dan Revitalisasi Lembaga Adat Indonesia, Jurnal Kriminologi Indonesia, Vol. 6 No. 2 Agustus, 2010
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Ali, H. M. Hatta. Implementasi Paradigma Restorative Justice Dalam Sistem Pemidanaan di Indonesia, Mahkamah Agung-Republik Indonesia, dipostkan 29 Des 2013, accessed on tanggal 15 Februari 2018, pukul 20.37 https://www.mahkamahagung.go.id/rnews.asp?bid=3842,
Arizona, Yance. Kedudukan Peradilan Adat dalam Hukum Nasional, akses 15 Feb 2019 https://www.academia.edu/3723907/Kedudukan_Peradilan_Adat_dalam_Sistem_Hukum_Nasional
Dally, Kathleen, Restorative Justice: The Real Story, School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, Version Revised, 12 July 2001, http://www.griffith.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/50321/kdpaper12.pdf, (Accessed on 21/03/2018)
Dan Markel dan Chad Flandres, Bentham On Stilts: The Bare Relevance of Subjectivity to Retributive Justice, Calivornia Law Review, Volume 98, Issue 3, Article 9, June, 2010, http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/californialawreview/vol98/iss3/9 (accessed on 24/03/2018)
Duff, Antony,Restorative Punishment and Punitive Restoration In, Lode Walgrave, ed., Restorative Justice and the Law. Devon, UK: Willan Publishing, http://www.restorativejustice.org/articlesdb/articles/2687, (Accessed on 21/03/2018)
Hadrawi, Ulil. Tiga Tanda Balig}, Artikel Shari>‘ah, http://www.nu.or.id/a,public-m,dinamic-s,detail-ids,11-id,40361-lang,id-c,syariah-t,Tiga+Tanda+Baligh-.phpx, accessed on 4 Juli 2018)
Islam, Md. Zahidul, Provision on Alternative Dispute Resolution Process in Islam, IOSR Journal of Business and Management www.iosrjournals.org. ( Accessed on tanggal 15 Maret 2018 pukul 20:15)
Mantle, Greg, Darrell Fox and Mandeep K. Dhami, Restorative Justice, And Three Individual Theories of Crime. Internet Journal of Criminology IJC © 2005, www.internetjournalofcriminology.com, (al-Naisaburi 21/03/2018),
Masur, Jonathan, Jhon Bronsteen, dan Christopher Buccafusco, Retribution, and The Experience of Punishment, Calivornia Law Review, Vol. 98, October, 2010, No. 5, University Of Chicago Law School, http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/journal_articles, (accessed on 24/03/2018)
Munir, Siroj. Batasan Umur Balig} laki-laki dan Perempuan, Dalil, dan hikmahnya, Fiqih Kontemporer, Artikel, Senin, 14 Januari 2013, http://www.fikihkontemporer.com/2013/01/batasan-umur-baligh-bagi-laki-laki-dan.html, accessed on 4 Juli 2018,
Prayitno, Kuat Puj, Restorative Justice Untuk Peradilan di Indonesia, Perspektif yuridis filosofis dalam Penegakan Hukum In Concerto. Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, Vol.12, No. 3 september 2012, http://fh.unsoed.ac.id/sites/default/files/fileku/dokumen/JDH2012/JDHSeptember2012/3.pdf, (accessed onl 15 Februari 2018)
Robinson, Paul H, The Virtues of restorative Procces and The Vices of Restorative Justice, Penn Law, legal Scholarship Repository,http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1032&context=faculty_scholarship, ( accessed at 22/3/2018)
Shathani, Fida Fathi, al-Tatbiqat al-Mu’asirah li Sharti al-Hirzi fi al-Sariqah, 8, http://faculty.yu.edu.jo, accessed on 4 Juli 2018.
Yustisi.com, Menjaga Keseimbangan Hubungan Pelaku Pidana dan Korban- Indonesia Sudah Waktunya Punya Peradilan Restoratif, (Accessed on 2 Desember 2018). http://yustisi.com/2012/04/indonesia-sudah-waktunya-punya-peradilan-restoratif/
Published
2020-01-02
How to Cite
Munawaroh, H. (2020). Restorative Justice in Settling Minor Criminal Disputes in Ponorogo, East Java: An Islamic Law Perspective. Mazahib, 18(2), 167-200. https://doi.org/10.21093/mj.v18i2.1632
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Articles
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