Moderate Islamic Jurisprudence: Study of Muhammadiyah's Decision on Changes in Criteria for Fajr Prayer Time
Keywords:
Muhammadiyah, moderate Islamic jurisprudence, fajr prayer time
Abstract
This article aims to look at the new criteria decided by Muhammadiyah regarding the beginning of Fajr prayer time, which was seen through the conception of religious moderation (wasatiyah) in Indonesia. This issue relates to the decision regarding the change in the criteria from -20 degrees to -18 degrees due to an 8-minute difference from the common schedule used in Indonesia. This decision resulted in a long process that started from public unrest, discussed in the 27th National Conference of Muhammadiyah. Still, it could not be realized, then Muhammadiyah conducted a comprehensive fiqh study and appointed 3 main institutions to conduct studies astronomically. After the XXXI National Conference on Tarjih, Muhammadiyah finally decided to change this criterion through the principle of wasaṭiyyah; there is nothing wrong with this ijtihad jama`i carried out by Muhammadiyah, but Muhammadiyah does not appear to be balanced and fair in using the research results of the institutions that have been appointed, besides that Muhammadiyah also does not consider other important research outside Muhammadiyah. In the context of wasaṭiyyah, these different principles need to be resolved. The solution to unification itself must be given to the country’s religious authorities. The government is also required to fix criteria and conceptions to maximize that union effort.References
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Shihab, Alwi, Membendung Arus: Respons Gerakan Muhammadiyah Terhadap Penetrasi Misi Kristen di Indonesia, Bandung: Mizan, 1998.
Tafsir, Muhammadiyah dan Wahabisme Mengurai Titik Temu dan Titik Seteru, Yogyakarta: Suara Muhammadiyah, 2013.
Tim Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah, Tanya-Jawab Agama 3, Yogyakarta: Suara Muhammadiyah, 2004.
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Yaakub, Muhammad Bakir and Khatijah Othman, “A Textual Analysis for the Term “Wasatiyyah” (Islamic Moderation) in Selected Quranic Verses and Prophetic Tradition,” Journal of Education and Social Sciences, vol. 5, 2006.
Yusdani, Amir Mu’alim, Ijithad Legislasi Muslim Kontemporer Yogyakarta: UII Press, 2005.
Yususf, H.M. Yunan dkk, Ensiklopedi Muhammadiyah, Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2005.
al-`Utsaimin, Muhammad Ibnu Shalih, al-Ushûl min `Ilmi al-Ushûl, Iskandariyah: Darul Iman, 2001.
al-Alabij, Alijani, Perwakafan Tanah di Indonesia dalam teori dan Praktek, Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2002.
al-Âmidî, Sayfu al-Dîn Abî al-Hasan 'Alî ibn Abî 'Alî ibn Muhammad, al-Ihkâm fî Ushûl al-Ahkâm, Mesir Dar al-Fikr, 1996.
al-Ghazâlî, Abû Hamid, al-Mustashfa Fi Ulum al-Ushûl, Beirut: Dâr al-Kutub al-ilmiyyah, 2000.
al-Zuhaylî, Wahbah, Ushûl al-Fiqh alIslâmî, Juz II, Damaskus: Dâr al-Fikr, 2001.
Bakir, Muhamadul and Khatijah Othman, “Wasatiyyah (Islamic Moderation): A Conceptual Analysis from Islamic Knowledge Management Perspective,” Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization, vol. 1, Issue 7, 2017.
Faruq, Abu Abdur Rahman, The Moderate Religion: Clarification of the Moderate, Balanced Religion of Islam and the True Muslim between the Extremes of other Religions and their followers, Makkah Al Mukaramah: Dar ul Itibaa Publicatios, 2013.
Febriansyah, M. Raihan, dkk, Muhammadiyah 100 Tahun Menyinari Negeri, Yogyakarta: Majelis Pustaka dan Informasi Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah, 2013.
Hassan, Muhammad Kamal, “The Concept of Wasatiyyah and the Challenge of Islam Liberal in Indonesia,” Social Sciences and Humanities, Malaysia: International Islamic University Malaysia, 2010.
_______, The Need to Understand Al-Wasamiyyah as Part of I.I.U.M’s Mission of Islamisation, Kuala Lumpur: CENTRIS, IIUM, 2013.
Ilyas, Yunahar, Materi tentang Ideologi Muhammadiyah Refreshing dan Silaturahim Nasional Peningkatan Kualitas Mubaligh (PKM) Muhammadiyah, Yogyakarta, 2017.
Kamali, Muhammad Hashim, The Middle Path of Moderation in Islam: The Quranic Principle of Wasatiyya, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.
Khalaf, Abdul Wahab, Ilmu Ushul al-Fiqhi, Kairo: Dar al-Qalam, 1978.
Lubis, Arbiya, Pemikiran Muhammadiyah Dan Muhammad Abduh Suatu Studi Perbandingan, Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1989.
Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid Muhammadiyah, “Lampiran I Manhaj Tarjih dan Pengembangan Pemikiran Islam Keputusan Munas Tarjih XXV”, Jakarta: Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid PP Muhammadiyah, 2000.
Muhammad Yusuf Amin Nugroho, Fiqh al-Ikhtilaf: NU-Muhammadiyah, Wonosobo: E-Book Free, 2012.
Muhammad, Muneer Kuttiyani and Adibah Abdul Rahim, “The Principle of Wasaṭiyyah as a Higher Objective of the Shar‘ah: A Historical Survey,” Intellectual Discourse, 25:2, 2017.
Muthoifin, “Islam Berkemajuan Perspektif Ahmad Syafi’i Ma’arif: Studi Pemikiran Ahmad Syafi’i Ma’arif tentang Islam dalam Bingkai Keindonesiaan dan Kemanusiaan”, Jurnal Wahana Akademika, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2017.
Nashir, Haedar, “Muhammadiyah dan Gerakan Pencerahan Untuk Indonesia Berkemajuan” Makalah disajikan pada Pengajian Ramadhan Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah, di Yogyakarta, 5-7 Agustus 2011.
_______, Haedar, Memahami Manhaj Gerakan Muhammadiyah, Pengantar dalam PP Muhammadiyah, Manhaj Gerakan Muhammadiyah: Ideologi, Khittah, dan Langkah, Yogyakarta: Suara Muhammadiyah, 2012.
Niam, Zainun Wafiqatun, “Konsep Islam Wasathiyah sebagai Wujud Islam Rahmatan Lil’alamin: Peran NU Dan Muhammadiyah dalam Mewujudkan Islam Damai di Indonesia”, PALITA: Journal of Social-Religion Research, Vol.4, No.2, 2019.
Noer, Deliar, Gerakan Modern Islam di Indonesia, Cet VIII, Jakarta: PT Pustaka LP3ES, 1996.
Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah, “Berita Resmi Muhammadiyah No. 01/2010-2015/Syawwal 1431 H/September 2010 M tentang Tanfidz Keputusan Muktamar Satu Abad Muhammadiyah”, Muktamar Muhammadiyah Ke 46. Yogyakarta, 2010.
________, “Lampiran Surat Keputusan Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah Nomor: 120/KEP/I.0/B/2006 Tentang: Qa`Idah Unsur Pembantu Pimpinan Persyarikatan”, Yogyakarta, 2006.
________, “Surat Keputusan Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah N0 : 17/ SK- PP/ II-A/ 1.A/2001 Tentang Tanfidz Keputusan Musyawarah Nasional Tarjih XXIV”, Yogyakarta, 2001.
_______, Berita Resmi Muhammadiyah (Yogyakarta: Suara Muhammadiyah, 2015.
_______, Keputusan Muktamar Muhammadiyah Ke-45 Tentang Anggaran Dasar Muhammadiyah, Malang: PP. Muhammadiyah, 2005.
Qodir, Zuly “Muhammadiyah Memperkuat Moderasi Islam Memutus Radikalisme”, Jurnal Ma`arif, Vol. 14, No. 2
Ricklefs, M. C, A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1200, terj. Tim Penerjemah Serambi, Sejarah Indonesia Modern 1200-2008, Cet. II; Jakarta: Serambi, 2009.
Shihab, Alwi, Membendung Arus: Respons Gerakan Muhammadiyah Terhadap Penetrasi Misi Kristen di Indonesia, Bandung: Mizan, 1998.
Tafsir, Muhammadiyah dan Wahabisme Mengurai Titik Temu dan Titik Seteru, Yogyakarta: Suara Muhammadiyah, 2013.
Tim Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah, Tanya-Jawab Agama 3, Yogyakarta: Suara Muhammadiyah, 2004.
Ushama, Thameem, “Historical Roots of Extremist and Radical Islamist Thinking”, Intellectual Discourse, Special Issue, 2017.
Yaakub, Muhammad Bakir and Khatijah Othman, “A Textual Analysis for the Term “Wasatiyyah” (Islamic Moderation) in Selected Quranic Verses and Prophetic Tradition,” Journal of Education and Social Sciences, vol. 5, 2006.
Yusdani, Amir Mu’alim, Ijithad Legislasi Muslim Kontemporer Yogyakarta: UII Press, 2005.
Yususf, H.M. Yunan dkk, Ensiklopedi Muhammadiyah, Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2005.
Published
2021-06-30
How to Cite
Fitra, T., & Silvana, A. (2021). Moderate Islamic Jurisprudence: Study of Muhammadiyah’s Decision on Changes in Criteria for Fajr Prayer Time. Mazahib, 20(1), 43-76. https://doi.org/10.21093/mj.v20i1.3150
Section
Articles
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