Safeguarding Women’s Constitutional Rights in the Judicial Reviews of Marriage Law on the Minimum Married Age Limit

Hamidin Hamidin; Alfitri Alfitri

doi:10.21093/mj.v20i1.3307

Hamidin Hamidin IAIN Samarinda, Indonesia
Alfitri Alfitri IAIN Samarinda, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21093/mj.v20i1.3307

Keywords: Women’s constitutional rights, judicial review, minimum married age limit

Abstract

The Constitutional Court seems inconsistent when examining the same legal issue, i.e., the constitutionality of the minimum married age limit for women, but with different decisions. In the 2014 decision, the Court rejected the petition, while in the 2017 decision, the Court accepted it. This paper analyzes the considerations of constitutional judges in deciding the case to understand whether women’s constitutional rights have been protected in both decisions. Using the case and statutory approach, this article concludes that the 2014 decision rejecting the petition to increase the minimum married age limit for women does not fulfill women’s constitutional rights. Sixteen years old as the minimum age limit for women and nineteen years for men is discriminatory and deprives girls’ rights to health and education. The judges’ consideration in the 2017 decision, which granted the petition, was that determining the minimum married age limit is a legal policy. Still, if the policy contradicts the 1945 Constitution, citizens can challenge its constitutionality. The Marriage Law is a past product, so it needs to be adapted to developments and the 1945 Constitution’s norms. The difference in the Constitutional Court’s decisions on examining the same issue is due to different interpretations and efforts to protect the constitutional rights of citizens.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Hamidin Hamidin, IAIN Samarinda, Indonesia

Adjunct lecturer, Faculty of Sharia, IAIN Samarinda.

Alfitri Alfitri, IAIN Samarinda, Indonesia

Associate Professor of Islamic Law, Faculty of Sharia; Head of the Center for Research and Community Service (LPPM), IAIN Samarinda

References

Asrori, Achmad. “Batas Usia Perkawinan Menurut Fukaha dan Penerapannya dalam Undang-Undang Perkawinan di Dunia Islam.” Al-‘Adalah 12, no. 4 (2015): 807-826.

Alfitri. “Protecting Women from Domestic Violence: Islam, Family Law, and the State in Indonesia.” Studia Islamika 27, no. 2 (2020): 273–307.

Alfitri. “Whose Authority? Contesting and Negotiating the Idea of a Legitimate Interpretation of Islamic Law in Indonesia.” Asian Journal of Comparative Law 10, no. 2 (December 2015): 191–212.

Asplund, Knut D. Suparman Marzuki, and Eko Riyadi (eds.). Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia. Yogyakarta: PUSHAM UII, 2008.

Asshddiqie, Jimly. “Konstitusi dan Hak Asasi Manusia,” Makalah disampaikan pada Lecture Peringatan 10 Tahun KontraS, Jakarta, 26 Maret 2008.

Azra, Azyumardi. “The Indonesian Marriage Law of 1974: An Institutionalization of the Shari’a for Social Changes.” In Shari’a and Politics in Modern Indonesia, eds. Arskal Salim and Azyumardi Azra, 76-95. Singapore: ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute, 2003.

Badan Pusat Statistik, Kemajuan Yang Tertunda: Analisis Data Perkawinan Usia Anak di Indonesia. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik bekerjasama dengan UNICEF, 2016.

Cammack, Mark, Lawrence A. Young, and Tim Heaton. “Legislating Social Change in an Islamic Society-Indonesia’s Marriage Law.” The American Journal of Comparative Law 44, no. 1 (1996): 45–73.

Darmadi, Nanang Sri. “Kedudukan dan Wewenang Mahkamah Konstitusi Dalam Sistem Hukum Ketatanegaraan Indonesia.” Jurnal Hukum 26, no. 2, (2011): 1088-1108.

Ghazali, Abdul Rahman. Fikih Munakahat, Jakarta: Kencana Pranata Media Group, 2003.

Grijns, Mies and Horii, Hoko. “Child Marriage in a Village in West Java (Indonesia): Compromises between Legal Obligations and Religious Concerns.” Asian Journal of Law and Society 5 (2018), pp. 453–466.

Halili, “Implementasi Konvensi Anti Diskriminasi Perempuan dalam Politik Hukum Indonesia,” Jurnal Penelitian Humaniora 17, no.2, (2012): 63-80.

Hanafi,Yusuf. Kontroversi Perkawinan Anak Dibawah Umur (Child Marriage) Perspektif Fikih Islam, HAM Internasional dan UU Nasional. Bandung:CV. Mandar Maju, 2011.

Hirschl, Ran. Constitutional Theocracy. Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press, 2011.

Isra, Saldi. “Peran Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Penguatan Hak Asasi Manusia di Indonesia.” Jurnal Konstitusi 11, no. 3 (2014): 409-427.

Mahfud, Moh. MD. Politik Hukum di Indonesia, Edisi Revisi, Cet.2, Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 2009.

Nasution, Khoiruddin. “Pengaruh Gerakan Wanita Terhadap Wacana Hukum Islam: Studi Hukum Perkawinan Indonesia.” Jurnal Al-Mawarid 14 (2005): 255-266.

Norhasanah. “Dispensasi Kawin di Bawah Umur: Analisis Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 74/PUU-XII/2014 Uji Materiil Pasal 7 Ayat 2 Undang-Undang Perkawinan.” El-Maslahah Journal 8, no. 1 (2018): 3-15.

Nugraha, Xavier et.al. “Rekonstruksi Batas Usia Miminal Perkawinan Sebagai Bentuk Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Perempuan: Analisa Putusan MK No. 22/PUU-XV/2017.” Lex Scientia Law Review 3, no. 1 (2019): 40-54.

Pusat Studi Konstitusi FH Andalas. “Perkembangan Pengujian Perundang-Undangan di Mahkamah Konstitusi.” Jurnal Konstitusi 7, no. 6, (2010): 147-224.

Salenda, Kasjim. “Abuse of Islamic Law and Child Marriage in South-Sulawesi Indonesia.” Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 54, no. 1, (2016): 95-121.

Suparto. “Perbedaan Tafsir Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Memutus Perkara Pemilihan Umum Serentak,” Jurnal Yudisial 10, no. 1 (2017): 1-16

Taufik, Ade Irawan. “Konsistensi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Pengujian Beberapa Undang-Undang Terkait Kesehatan,” Jurnal Konstitusi 16, no. 4 (2019): 763-784.

Von Benda-Beckmann, Keebet and Turner, Bertram. “Legal Pluralism, Social Theory, and The State.” The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 50, no. 3 (2018): 255-274.

Undang-Undang Dasar Tahun 1945.

Undang-Undang No. 23 tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak.

Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia.

Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan.

Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 49/PUU-X/2012 tentang Peraturan Jabatan Notaris.

Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 005/PUU-IV/2006 tentang Komisi Yudisial.

Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 003/PUU-IV/2006 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi.

Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 14/PUU-VI/2013 tentang Pemilihan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden.

Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 22/PUU-XV/2017 tentang Pengujian Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan.

Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 22/PUU-XVII/2019 tentang Peraturan Jabatan Notaris

Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 25/PUU-XIV/2016 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi