Faith-Based Organizations’ Humanitarian Work from the Disaster Risk Governance Perspective: Lessons from Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia
Keywords:
Faith-Based Organization, Disaster Risk Governance, Pandemic Covid-19, Indonesia
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has represented a risk to human life. “What is the role of religion in disaster risk governance” is a critical question for Faith-Based Organizations (FBOs) in times of crisis. As a religious observance form, FBOs must correlate sacred religious doctrines with practical problems of human life and build sustainable actions in disaster governance. This study seeks to examine further the significance of religion-based organizations in the agenda for handling the adverse effects of the Covid-19 pandemic. This paper uses qualitative research methods with NVivo 12 Plus as a data processing tool. The results of this study indicate that in emergency response, recovery, prevention, and preparedness, FBOs in Indonesia are integrated and encourage interfaith collaboration in handling the COVID-19 pandemic. The FBOs demonstrate the ability to collaborate across non-state sectors and play a multidimensional role. Through the sacred doctrine of religion, FBO mobilizes its members to comply with government policies and participate in efforts to mitigate the adverse effects of the covid 19 pandemic. Thus, maslahah, also known as the objectives of sharia, is an essential Islamic law principle that encourages Islamic organizations to engage in disaster risk governance efforts during the Covid 19 pandemic.
References
Ahyar, Muzayyin. “Is Islam Compatible With Democracy? Islamist Movement’s Trajectory on Democratization in Indonesia.” Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan 25, no. 1 (2017): 139–72.
Alfitri. Islamic Law and Society in Indonesia. London: Routledge, 2022. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003183112.
Ardiansyah, Ardiansyah, Suparto Suparto, Wira Atma Hajri, M. Rafi, and Pahmi Amri. “Analysis of the Synergy of the Penta Helix Model in Handling COVID-19 at the Pekanbaru City Level.” Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy 4, no. 1 (February 12, 2023): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.46507/jcgpp.v4i1.88.
Arrasya, Fara Shabira, and Jesse Hession Grayman. “Islamic-Based Institutions during Coronavirus Pandemic: A Comparative Case Study of Auckland, New Zealand and Jakarta, Indonesia.” Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences and Humanities. academia.edu, 2021. https://doi.org/10.14203/jissh.v11i1.209.
Astungkoro, Ronggo. “PGI Instruksikan Gereja Jadi Ruang Isolasi Mandiri.” Republika, 2021.
Azzahra, Tiara Aliya. “Sambut Imlek, Menag Yaqut Bicara Pentingnya Ajaran Kebajikan Konghucu.” Detik.com, 2021.
Baggio, Rodolfo, Noel Scott, and Chris Cooper. “Network Science: A Review Focused on Tourism.” Annals of Tourism Research 37, no. 3 (2010): 802–27.
Barnett, Daniel J., Andrew J. Rosenblum, Kandra Strauss-Riggs, and Thomas D. Kirsch. “Readying for a Post-COVID-19world: The Case for Concurrent Pandemic Disaster Response and Recovery Efforts in Public Health.” Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 26, no. 4 (2020): 310–13. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000001199.
Bhaskara, Esa. “Nyepi, Pandemi, Sunyi.” Majalah Wartam, 2021.
Bielefeld, Wolfgang, and William Suhs Cleveland. “Faith-Based Organizations as Service Providers and Their Relationship to Government.” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 42, no. 3 (2013): 468–94.
Brooks, Robert G, and Harold G Koenig. “Crossing the Secular Divide: Government and Faith-Based Organizations as Partners in Health.” The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 32, no. 3 (2002): 223–34.
Candraditya, Vincentius Jyestha. “Menag Terbitkan Panduan Di Rumah Ibadah Selama New Normal, WALUBI Pilih Sembahyang Di Rumah.” Tribunnews, 2020.
Chandra, Anita, and Joie D Acosta. “Disaster Recovery Also Involves Human Recovery.” Jama 304, no. 14 (2010): 1608–9.
Chen, Ningning, Jinwen Chen, and Kenneth Dean. “Religion in Times of Crisis: Innovative Lay Responses and Temporal-Spatial Reconfigurations of Temple Rituals in COVID-19 China.” Cultural Geographies 29, no. 2 (2022): 301–8.
Clarke, Matthew, and Vicki-Anne Ware. “Understanding Faith-Based Organizations: How FBOs Are Contrasted with NGOs in International Development Literature.” Progress in Development Studies 15, no. 1 (2015): 37–48.
Dodd, Warren, Laura Jane Brubacher, Shoshannah Speers, Danilo Servano, Daryn J. Go, and Lincoln L. Lau. “The Contributions of Religious Leaders in Addressing Food Insecurity during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Philippines: A Realist Evaluation of the Rapid Emergencies and Disasters Intervention (REDI).” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 86 (February 2023): 103545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103545.
Falahuddin, Falahuddin. “Respons Muhammadiyah Menghadapi Covid-19.” Maarif, 2020, 137–52.
Farkhan, Farkhan, Kamsi Kamsi, and Asmuni Asmuni. “Studi Komparatif Fikih Bencana Muhammadiyah Dan Nahdlatul Ulama.” Al-Ahkam Jurnal Ilmu Syari’ah Dan Hukum 5, no. 2 (2020).
Fauziah, Novie. “NU-Muhammadiyah Sepakat Tarawih Dan Sholat Ied Di Rumah Saja, Halal Bihalal Ditiadakan.” Okezone, 2020.
Firmansyah, Asep. “PGI: Gereja Harus Jadi Pusat Edukasi Soal Pandemi COVID-19.” antaranews, 2021.
Guitarra, Pratam. “Fatwa Muhammadiyah Di Tengah Covid-19: Lafadz Azan Bisa Diganti.” Kontan.co.id, 2020.
Hathaway, Elizabeth. “Assisting Faith-Based Organizations Increase Sense of Belonging during the Covid-19 Pandemic.” The Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling : JPCC 74, no. 4 (2020): 226–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/1542305020965975.
Hepworth, Christine, and Sean Stitt. “Social Capital & Faith‐Based Organisations.” The Heythrop Journal 48, no. 6 (2007): 895–910.
Heuser, Brian L. “Social Cohesion and Voluntary Associations.” Peabody Journal of Education 80, no. 4 (2005): 16–29.
Hidayah, Nur. “Dari Jabariyah, Ke Qadariyah, Hingga Islam Progresif: Respons Muslim Atas Pandemi Covid-19 Di Indonesia,” 2020.
Hidayah, Sri Noor Mustaqimatul, and Hasan Bastomi. “Peran Masyarakat Sipil Keagamaan Di Tengah Pandemi: Analisis Peran Nahdlotul Ulama (NU) Dalam Menghadapi Pandemi Covid 19 Di Indonesia.” Community Development: Jurnal Pengembangan Masyarakat Islam 4, no. 2 (2020): 129–56.
Humaidi, Nurul, Rani Darmayanti, and Rahmad Sugianto. “Challenges of Muhammadiyah’s Contribution in Handling Covid-19 in The MCCC Program in Indonesia.” Khazanah Sosial 4, no. 1 (2022): 176–86.
Ichsan, Muchammad. “Handling Natural Hazards in Indonesia amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Muhammadiyah’s Response and Strategy.” Jamba: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies 14, no. 1 (2022): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v14i1.1254.
ICRC. “Indonesia: Faith-Based Organizations Share Their Experience in Responding to COVID-19,” 2020. https://www.icrc.org/en/document/indonesia-faith-based-organizations-share-experience-covid-19.
Ikenberry, G. John, and Scott Thomas. The Global Resurgence of Religion and the Transformation of International Relations: The Struggle for the Soul of the Twenty-First Century. Foreign Affairs. Vol. 84. Springer, 2005. https://doi.org/10.2307/20034359.
Ikhwan, Hakimul, and Vissia Ita Yulianto. “How Religions and Religious Leaders Can Help to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic: Indonesia’s Experience.” the conversation, 2020.
Indrawati, Septi, and Amalia Fadhila Rachmawati. “Efektivitas Pendayagunaan Zakat Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2011 Dalam Upaya Pemberdayaan Usaha Mikro Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19.” Indonesia Law Reform Journal 2, no. 1 (2022): 81–89.
Jones, Samantha, Bernard Manyena, and Sara Walsh. “Disaster Risk Governance: Evolution and Influences.” In Hazards, Risks, and Disasters in Society, 45–61. Elsevier, 2015.
Kholifah, Siti, and Siti Zurinani. “Peran Tokoh Agama Dalam Penanganan Pandemi Covid-19 Di Kota Malang.” Ganaya : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora 5, no. 2 (2022): 230–42. https://doi.org/10.37329/ganaya.v5i2.1504.
Kominfo. “Dukung Pemulihan Ekonomi, HPN Perlu Optimalkan Potensi Teknologi Digital.” kominfo.go.id, 2020.
Kotani, Hitomu, Mari Tamura, and Susumu Nejima. “Mosques in Japan Responding to COVID-19 Pandemic: Infection Prevention and Support Provision.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. Elsevier, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102702.
Kurniawan, Alhafiz. “Lafal Adzan Saat Wabah, Covid-19, Dan Uzur Umum Yang Lain.” nuonline, 2020.
Lefebvre, Solange. “What the COVID-19 Pandemic Has Revealed about Religions.” Religions. MDPI, 2022.
Levin, Jeff, Ellen L. Idler, and Tyler J. VanderWeele. “Faith-Based Organizations and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: Challenges and Recommendations.” Public Health Reports 137, no. 1 (2022): 11–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/00333549211054079.
Łowicki, Paweł, Marta Marchlewska, Zuzanna Molenda, Adam Karakula, and Dagmara Szczepańska. “Does Religion Predict Coronavirus Conspiracy Beliefs? Centrality of Religiosity, Religious Fundamentalism, and COVID-19 Conspiracy Beliefs.” Personality and Individual Differences 187 (2022): 111413.
Luhur Prianto, Andi, Achmad Nurmandi, Zuly Qodir, and Hasse Jubba. “Climate Change and Religion: From Ethics to Sustainability Action.” Edited by A. Harakan and K. Jermsittiparsert. E3S Web of Conferences 277 (June 24, 2021): 06011. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127706011.
Malik, Ihyani, Andi Luhur Prianto, Nur Ismi Roni, Arifeen Yama, and Tawakkal Baharuddin. “Multi-Level Governance and Digitalization in Climate Change: A Bibliometric Analysis.” In Digital Technologies and Applications, edited by S. Motahhir and B. Bossoufi, 95–104. Cham: Springer, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29860-8_10.
MATAKIN. “Satgas Covid-19 MATAKIN-PERKHIN Salurkan Bantuan Paket Sembako.” matakin.or.id, 2021.
Musa, Andi Ernie Zaenab. “Gender Role Concerning Trust of the Public Sector to Awareness of the Covid-19: A Multigroup Analysis.” Otoritas: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan 12, no. 1 (2022): 16–29.
Nastiti, Aulia, and Sari Ratri. “Emotive Politics: Islamic Organizations and Religious Mobilization in Indonesia.” Contemporary Southeast Asia 40, no. 2 (2018): 196–221.
Nelson, Paul J. “Religious Movements and FBOs: The Climate Threat and COVID-19.” In Religious Voices in the Politics of International Development, 177–203. Springer, 2021.
Nistor, Polixenia. “The Faith-Based Organization in the Post-Secular Society.” LOGOS, UNIVERSALITY, MENTALITY, EDUCATION, NOVELTY. Section Social Sciences 7, no. 2 (2018): 17–35.
Nuriani, Nuriani. “RAHASIA HIDUP BAHAGIA DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19.” Jurnal Pendidikan Buddha Dan Isu Sosial Kontemporer (JPBISK) 3, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.56325/jpbisk.v3i1.9.
Öhlmann, Philipp, Olufunke Adeboye, Kwabena Asamoah-Gyadu, Barbara Bompani, Nadine Bowers-Du Toit, Jennifer Philippa Eggert, Marie-Luise Frost, Wilhelm Gräb, Juliane Stork, and Ignatius Swart. “A New Journal for a New Space: Introducing Religion & Development: Introductory Article.” Religion and Development 1, no. 1 (2022): 1–24.
Olowu, Dejo. “The Hyogo Framework for Action and Its Implications for Disaster Management and Reduction in Africa.” JAMBA: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies 3, no. 1 (2010): 303–20.
Prianto, Andi Luhur, and Abdillah Abdillah. “Resilient Cities, Vulnerable Communities: Disaster Governance in the Coastal Cities in Indonesia.” In International Handbook of Disaster Research, 1–12. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8800-3_193-1.
Prianto, Andi Luhur, Ihyani Malik, Nur Khaerah, Abdillah Abdillah, and Kittisak Jermsittiparsert. “Government, Digital Society and Industry 4.0: Connective Action Against Covid-19 Fake News.” In Digital Technologies and Applications, edited by S. Motahhir and B. Bossoufi, 480–91. Cham: Springer, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01942-5_48.
Qodarsasi, Umi, Riza Nuzulul Huda, and Umaroh Anisa Zuma. “Strengthening Communities’ Disaster Resilience during COVID-19 Time: A Case of Muhammadiyah in Indonesia.” Simulacra 4, no. 2 (November 18, 2021): 229–45. https://doi.org/10.21107/sml.v4i2.11952.
Qodir, Z, H Jubba, and M J Loilatu. “Muhammadiyah’s Response to Covid-19 in Indonesia: Faith-Based Commitment.” Wawasan: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama …, 2022. http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/jw/article/view/13756.
Rachmawati, Emma, Yuyun Umniyatun, Muhib Rosyidi, and Mochamad Iqbal Nurmansyah. “The Roles of Islamic Faith-Based Organizations on Countermeasures against the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia.” Heliyon. Elsevier, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08928.
Rahvy, Aisyah Putri, and Ilham Akhsanu Ridlo. “How Does Islamic Organizations Respond to COVID-19 in Indonesia? A Case Study.” Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive 9, no. 1 (2021): 11. https://doi.org/10.15562/phpma.v9i1.274.
Ruggiero, Erica Di, and Paola Ardiles. “Health Promotion Perspectives on COVID-19.” Global Health Promotion 28, no. 1 (2021): 3–4. https://doi.org/10.1177/17579759211001005.
Saenong, Faried F, Saifuddin Zuhri, Hamka Hasan, and Moelyono Lodji. “Fikih Pandemi: Beribadah Di Masa Wabah.” Nuo Publishing, 2020.
Samsudin, Agus, and Harjanto Prabowo. “Community-Based Health Coverage at the Crossroad: The Muhammadiyah Health Fund in Indonesia.” Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies. academia.edu, 2022. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v12i1.111-138.
Shaw, Rajib, Bismark Adu-Gyamfi, and Vibhas Sukhwani. “Disaster Preparedness and Risk Reduction: An Asian Perspective.” Routledge Handbook of Environmental Hazards and Society, 2022, 302–18. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367854584-23.
Sheikhi, Rahim Ali, Hesam Seyedin, Ghader Qanizadeh, and Katayoun Jahangiri. “Role of Religious Institutions in Disaster Risk Management: A Systematic Review.” Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 15, no. 2 (2021): 239–54. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2019.145.
Shi, Peijun. “On the Role of Government in Integrated Disaster Risk Governance—Based on Practices in China.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 3, no. 3 (2012): 139–46.
Siregar, Fatahuddin Aziz. “Stay at Mosque: Congregational Worship, Covid-19 Pandemic and Islamic Living Law in West Sumatra.” Mazahib 21, no. 1 (September 12, 2022): 117–53. https://doi.org/10.21093/mj.v21i1.4649.
Sisti, L G, D Buonsenso, U Moscato, G Costanzo, and ... “The Role of Religions in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review.” International Journal of …. mdpi.com, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031691.
Situmorang, Albertus Bernando Agung Hamonangan. “Eksistensi Tuhan Saat Wabah Covid 19 Melanda.” Media: Jurnal Filsafat Dan Teologi 3, no. 1 (2022): 91–102.
Smidt, Corwin E, and Senior Fellow Corwin E Smidt. Religion as Social Capital: Producing the Common Good. Baylor University Press, 2003.
Smrke, Marjan, and Tina Vovk. “Religiosity and Cooperation: The COVID-19 Pandemic in Slovenia.” Religions 12, no. 12 (2021): 1076.
Sobol, Małgorzata, Marcin Zajenkowski, and Konrad S Jankowski. “Religious Fundamentalism, Delusions, and Conspiracy Beliefs Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (2022): 9597.
Stajura, Michael, Deborah Glik, David Eisenman, Michael Prelip, Andrea Martel, and Jitka Sammartinova. “Perspectives of Community-and Faith-Based Organizations about Partnering with Local Health Departments for Disasters.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 9, no. 7 (2012): 2293–2311.
Suadnyana, I Wayan Sui. “Upaya Lawan Covid-19, PHDI Imbau Umat Hindu Bali Melanjutkan Nyejer Pejati Pada Purnama 7 Mei 2020.” Tribunnews, 2020.
Sudirman, Sudirman, Ramadhita Ramadhita, and Syabbul Bachri. “Revitalizing Productive Zakat in The Covid-19 Pandemic Era in East Java.” Jurisdictie: Jurnal Hukum Dan Syariah 12, no. 2 (2021): 275–93.
Tanuwibowo, Budi S. “Imlek: Rukun, Kerja Keras, Peduli.” Kompas.id, 2020.
Thompson, Denise D P. Disaster Risk Governance: Four Cases from Developing Countries. Routledge, 2019.
Tim Mimbar Khonghucu. “Perilaku Bakti Di Tengah Pandemi.” kemenag.go.id, 2021.
Tuasikal, Rio. “Organisasi Lintas Agama Beri Bantuan Covid-19 Rp 1,5 Miliar Lebih,” 2020. https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/organisasi-lintas-agama-salurkan-bantuan-covid-1-5-miliar-lebih/5437459.html.
Tytarenko, Vita, and Iryna Bogachevska. “Religious" Covid Fundamentalism" in Eastern and Central Europe: Challenges and Lessons.” Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe 41, no. 1 (2021): 4.
Wanner, M S T. “Drivers of Change in National Disaster Governance under the Hyogo Framework for Action.” Politics and Governance, 2020. https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/3062.
Wariboko, Nimi. The Charismatic City and the Public Resurgence of Religion: A Pentecostal Social Ethics of Cosmopolitan Urban Life. Springer, 2014.
Widiyani, Rosmha. “Kisah Di Masa Rasulullah, Lafal Adzan Diubah Dan Diminta Sholat Di Rumah.” Detik.com, 2020.
Yanto, Fridi, M Kholis Amrullah, Muhammad Rafi’i, and Muhammad Sobri. “Perilaku Radikalisasi Beragama Masa Pandemi COVID 19 Di Provinsi Jambi.” FIKRAH 9, no. 2 (2021): 215–40.
Yayla, Ahmet S, and Serkan Tasgin. “Religious Fundamentalism in the Age of Pandemic.” Terrorism Research Initiative, 2021.
Alfitri. Islamic Law and Society in Indonesia. London: Routledge, 2022. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003183112.
Ardiansyah, Ardiansyah, Suparto Suparto, Wira Atma Hajri, M. Rafi, and Pahmi Amri. “Analysis of the Synergy of the Penta Helix Model in Handling COVID-19 at the Pekanbaru City Level.” Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy 4, no. 1 (February 12, 2023): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.46507/jcgpp.v4i1.88.
Arrasya, Fara Shabira, and Jesse Hession Grayman. “Islamic-Based Institutions during Coronavirus Pandemic: A Comparative Case Study of Auckland, New Zealand and Jakarta, Indonesia.” Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences and Humanities. academia.edu, 2021. https://doi.org/10.14203/jissh.v11i1.209.
Astungkoro, Ronggo. “PGI Instruksikan Gereja Jadi Ruang Isolasi Mandiri.” Republika, 2021.
Azzahra, Tiara Aliya. “Sambut Imlek, Menag Yaqut Bicara Pentingnya Ajaran Kebajikan Konghucu.” Detik.com, 2021.
Baggio, Rodolfo, Noel Scott, and Chris Cooper. “Network Science: A Review Focused on Tourism.” Annals of Tourism Research 37, no. 3 (2010): 802–27.
Barnett, Daniel J., Andrew J. Rosenblum, Kandra Strauss-Riggs, and Thomas D. Kirsch. “Readying for a Post-COVID-19world: The Case for Concurrent Pandemic Disaster Response and Recovery Efforts in Public Health.” Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 26, no. 4 (2020): 310–13. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000001199.
Bhaskara, Esa. “Nyepi, Pandemi, Sunyi.” Majalah Wartam, 2021.
Bielefeld, Wolfgang, and William Suhs Cleveland. “Faith-Based Organizations as Service Providers and Their Relationship to Government.” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 42, no. 3 (2013): 468–94.
Brooks, Robert G, and Harold G Koenig. “Crossing the Secular Divide: Government and Faith-Based Organizations as Partners in Health.” The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 32, no. 3 (2002): 223–34.
Candraditya, Vincentius Jyestha. “Menag Terbitkan Panduan Di Rumah Ibadah Selama New Normal, WALUBI Pilih Sembahyang Di Rumah.” Tribunnews, 2020.
Chandra, Anita, and Joie D Acosta. “Disaster Recovery Also Involves Human Recovery.” Jama 304, no. 14 (2010): 1608–9.
Chen, Ningning, Jinwen Chen, and Kenneth Dean. “Religion in Times of Crisis: Innovative Lay Responses and Temporal-Spatial Reconfigurations of Temple Rituals in COVID-19 China.” Cultural Geographies 29, no. 2 (2022): 301–8.
Clarke, Matthew, and Vicki-Anne Ware. “Understanding Faith-Based Organizations: How FBOs Are Contrasted with NGOs in International Development Literature.” Progress in Development Studies 15, no. 1 (2015): 37–48.
Dodd, Warren, Laura Jane Brubacher, Shoshannah Speers, Danilo Servano, Daryn J. Go, and Lincoln L. Lau. “The Contributions of Religious Leaders in Addressing Food Insecurity during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Philippines: A Realist Evaluation of the Rapid Emergencies and Disasters Intervention (REDI).” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 86 (February 2023): 103545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103545.
Falahuddin, Falahuddin. “Respons Muhammadiyah Menghadapi Covid-19.” Maarif, 2020, 137–52.
Farkhan, Farkhan, Kamsi Kamsi, and Asmuni Asmuni. “Studi Komparatif Fikih Bencana Muhammadiyah Dan Nahdlatul Ulama.” Al-Ahkam Jurnal Ilmu Syari’ah Dan Hukum 5, no. 2 (2020).
Fauziah, Novie. “NU-Muhammadiyah Sepakat Tarawih Dan Sholat Ied Di Rumah Saja, Halal Bihalal Ditiadakan.” Okezone, 2020.
Firmansyah, Asep. “PGI: Gereja Harus Jadi Pusat Edukasi Soal Pandemi COVID-19.” antaranews, 2021.
Guitarra, Pratam. “Fatwa Muhammadiyah Di Tengah Covid-19: Lafadz Azan Bisa Diganti.” Kontan.co.id, 2020.
Hathaway, Elizabeth. “Assisting Faith-Based Organizations Increase Sense of Belonging during the Covid-19 Pandemic.” The Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling : JPCC 74, no. 4 (2020): 226–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/1542305020965975.
Hepworth, Christine, and Sean Stitt. “Social Capital & Faith‐Based Organisations.” The Heythrop Journal 48, no. 6 (2007): 895–910.
Heuser, Brian L. “Social Cohesion and Voluntary Associations.” Peabody Journal of Education 80, no. 4 (2005): 16–29.
Hidayah, Nur. “Dari Jabariyah, Ke Qadariyah, Hingga Islam Progresif: Respons Muslim Atas Pandemi Covid-19 Di Indonesia,” 2020.
Hidayah, Sri Noor Mustaqimatul, and Hasan Bastomi. “Peran Masyarakat Sipil Keagamaan Di Tengah Pandemi: Analisis Peran Nahdlotul Ulama (NU) Dalam Menghadapi Pandemi Covid 19 Di Indonesia.” Community Development: Jurnal Pengembangan Masyarakat Islam 4, no. 2 (2020): 129–56.
Humaidi, Nurul, Rani Darmayanti, and Rahmad Sugianto. “Challenges of Muhammadiyah’s Contribution in Handling Covid-19 in The MCCC Program in Indonesia.” Khazanah Sosial 4, no. 1 (2022): 176–86.
Ichsan, Muchammad. “Handling Natural Hazards in Indonesia amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Muhammadiyah’s Response and Strategy.” Jamba: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies 14, no. 1 (2022): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v14i1.1254.
ICRC. “Indonesia: Faith-Based Organizations Share Their Experience in Responding to COVID-19,” 2020. https://www.icrc.org/en/document/indonesia-faith-based-organizations-share-experience-covid-19.
Ikenberry, G. John, and Scott Thomas. The Global Resurgence of Religion and the Transformation of International Relations: The Struggle for the Soul of the Twenty-First Century. Foreign Affairs. Vol. 84. Springer, 2005. https://doi.org/10.2307/20034359.
Ikhwan, Hakimul, and Vissia Ita Yulianto. “How Religions and Religious Leaders Can Help to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic: Indonesia’s Experience.” the conversation, 2020.
Indrawati, Septi, and Amalia Fadhila Rachmawati. “Efektivitas Pendayagunaan Zakat Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2011 Dalam Upaya Pemberdayaan Usaha Mikro Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19.” Indonesia Law Reform Journal 2, no. 1 (2022): 81–89.
Jones, Samantha, Bernard Manyena, and Sara Walsh. “Disaster Risk Governance: Evolution and Influences.” In Hazards, Risks, and Disasters in Society, 45–61. Elsevier, 2015.
Kholifah, Siti, and Siti Zurinani. “Peran Tokoh Agama Dalam Penanganan Pandemi Covid-19 Di Kota Malang.” Ganaya : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora 5, no. 2 (2022): 230–42. https://doi.org/10.37329/ganaya.v5i2.1504.
Kominfo. “Dukung Pemulihan Ekonomi, HPN Perlu Optimalkan Potensi Teknologi Digital.” kominfo.go.id, 2020.
Kotani, Hitomu, Mari Tamura, and Susumu Nejima. “Mosques in Japan Responding to COVID-19 Pandemic: Infection Prevention and Support Provision.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. Elsevier, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102702.
Kurniawan, Alhafiz. “Lafal Adzan Saat Wabah, Covid-19, Dan Uzur Umum Yang Lain.” nuonline, 2020.
Lefebvre, Solange. “What the COVID-19 Pandemic Has Revealed about Religions.” Religions. MDPI, 2022.
Levin, Jeff, Ellen L. Idler, and Tyler J. VanderWeele. “Faith-Based Organizations and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: Challenges and Recommendations.” Public Health Reports 137, no. 1 (2022): 11–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/00333549211054079.
Łowicki, Paweł, Marta Marchlewska, Zuzanna Molenda, Adam Karakula, and Dagmara Szczepańska. “Does Religion Predict Coronavirus Conspiracy Beliefs? Centrality of Religiosity, Religious Fundamentalism, and COVID-19 Conspiracy Beliefs.” Personality and Individual Differences 187 (2022): 111413.
Luhur Prianto, Andi, Achmad Nurmandi, Zuly Qodir, and Hasse Jubba. “Climate Change and Religion: From Ethics to Sustainability Action.” Edited by A. Harakan and K. Jermsittiparsert. E3S Web of Conferences 277 (June 24, 2021): 06011. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127706011.
Malik, Ihyani, Andi Luhur Prianto, Nur Ismi Roni, Arifeen Yama, and Tawakkal Baharuddin. “Multi-Level Governance and Digitalization in Climate Change: A Bibliometric Analysis.” In Digital Technologies and Applications, edited by S. Motahhir and B. Bossoufi, 95–104. Cham: Springer, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29860-8_10.
MATAKIN. “Satgas Covid-19 MATAKIN-PERKHIN Salurkan Bantuan Paket Sembako.” matakin.or.id, 2021.
Musa, Andi Ernie Zaenab. “Gender Role Concerning Trust of the Public Sector to Awareness of the Covid-19: A Multigroup Analysis.” Otoritas: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan 12, no. 1 (2022): 16–29.
Nastiti, Aulia, and Sari Ratri. “Emotive Politics: Islamic Organizations and Religious Mobilization in Indonesia.” Contemporary Southeast Asia 40, no. 2 (2018): 196–221.
Nelson, Paul J. “Religious Movements and FBOs: The Climate Threat and COVID-19.” In Religious Voices in the Politics of International Development, 177–203. Springer, 2021.
Nistor, Polixenia. “The Faith-Based Organization in the Post-Secular Society.” LOGOS, UNIVERSALITY, MENTALITY, EDUCATION, NOVELTY. Section Social Sciences 7, no. 2 (2018): 17–35.
Nuriani, Nuriani. “RAHASIA HIDUP BAHAGIA DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19.” Jurnal Pendidikan Buddha Dan Isu Sosial Kontemporer (JPBISK) 3, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.56325/jpbisk.v3i1.9.
Öhlmann, Philipp, Olufunke Adeboye, Kwabena Asamoah-Gyadu, Barbara Bompani, Nadine Bowers-Du Toit, Jennifer Philippa Eggert, Marie-Luise Frost, Wilhelm Gräb, Juliane Stork, and Ignatius Swart. “A New Journal for a New Space: Introducing Religion & Development: Introductory Article.” Religion and Development 1, no. 1 (2022): 1–24.
Olowu, Dejo. “The Hyogo Framework for Action and Its Implications for Disaster Management and Reduction in Africa.” JAMBA: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies 3, no. 1 (2010): 303–20.
Prianto, Andi Luhur, and Abdillah Abdillah. “Resilient Cities, Vulnerable Communities: Disaster Governance in the Coastal Cities in Indonesia.” In International Handbook of Disaster Research, 1–12. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8800-3_193-1.
Prianto, Andi Luhur, Ihyani Malik, Nur Khaerah, Abdillah Abdillah, and Kittisak Jermsittiparsert. “Government, Digital Society and Industry 4.0: Connective Action Against Covid-19 Fake News.” In Digital Technologies and Applications, edited by S. Motahhir and B. Bossoufi, 480–91. Cham: Springer, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01942-5_48.
Qodarsasi, Umi, Riza Nuzulul Huda, and Umaroh Anisa Zuma. “Strengthening Communities’ Disaster Resilience during COVID-19 Time: A Case of Muhammadiyah in Indonesia.” Simulacra 4, no. 2 (November 18, 2021): 229–45. https://doi.org/10.21107/sml.v4i2.11952.
Qodir, Z, H Jubba, and M J Loilatu. “Muhammadiyah’s Response to Covid-19 in Indonesia: Faith-Based Commitment.” Wawasan: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama …, 2022. http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/jw/article/view/13756.
Rachmawati, Emma, Yuyun Umniyatun, Muhib Rosyidi, and Mochamad Iqbal Nurmansyah. “The Roles of Islamic Faith-Based Organizations on Countermeasures against the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia.” Heliyon. Elsevier, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08928.
Rahvy, Aisyah Putri, and Ilham Akhsanu Ridlo. “How Does Islamic Organizations Respond to COVID-19 in Indonesia? A Case Study.” Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive 9, no. 1 (2021): 11. https://doi.org/10.15562/phpma.v9i1.274.
Ruggiero, Erica Di, and Paola Ardiles. “Health Promotion Perspectives on COVID-19.” Global Health Promotion 28, no. 1 (2021): 3–4. https://doi.org/10.1177/17579759211001005.
Saenong, Faried F, Saifuddin Zuhri, Hamka Hasan, and Moelyono Lodji. “Fikih Pandemi: Beribadah Di Masa Wabah.” Nuo Publishing, 2020.
Samsudin, Agus, and Harjanto Prabowo. “Community-Based Health Coverage at the Crossroad: The Muhammadiyah Health Fund in Indonesia.” Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies. academia.edu, 2022. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v12i1.111-138.
Shaw, Rajib, Bismark Adu-Gyamfi, and Vibhas Sukhwani. “Disaster Preparedness and Risk Reduction: An Asian Perspective.” Routledge Handbook of Environmental Hazards and Society, 2022, 302–18. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367854584-23.
Sheikhi, Rahim Ali, Hesam Seyedin, Ghader Qanizadeh, and Katayoun Jahangiri. “Role of Religious Institutions in Disaster Risk Management: A Systematic Review.” Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 15, no. 2 (2021): 239–54. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2019.145.
Shi, Peijun. “On the Role of Government in Integrated Disaster Risk Governance—Based on Practices in China.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 3, no. 3 (2012): 139–46.
Siregar, Fatahuddin Aziz. “Stay at Mosque: Congregational Worship, Covid-19 Pandemic and Islamic Living Law in West Sumatra.” Mazahib 21, no. 1 (September 12, 2022): 117–53. https://doi.org/10.21093/mj.v21i1.4649.
Sisti, L G, D Buonsenso, U Moscato, G Costanzo, and ... “The Role of Religions in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review.” International Journal of …. mdpi.com, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031691.
Situmorang, Albertus Bernando Agung Hamonangan. “Eksistensi Tuhan Saat Wabah Covid 19 Melanda.” Media: Jurnal Filsafat Dan Teologi 3, no. 1 (2022): 91–102.
Smidt, Corwin E, and Senior Fellow Corwin E Smidt. Religion as Social Capital: Producing the Common Good. Baylor University Press, 2003.
Smrke, Marjan, and Tina Vovk. “Religiosity and Cooperation: The COVID-19 Pandemic in Slovenia.” Religions 12, no. 12 (2021): 1076.
Sobol, Małgorzata, Marcin Zajenkowski, and Konrad S Jankowski. “Religious Fundamentalism, Delusions, and Conspiracy Beliefs Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (2022): 9597.
Stajura, Michael, Deborah Glik, David Eisenman, Michael Prelip, Andrea Martel, and Jitka Sammartinova. “Perspectives of Community-and Faith-Based Organizations about Partnering with Local Health Departments for Disasters.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 9, no. 7 (2012): 2293–2311.
Suadnyana, I Wayan Sui. “Upaya Lawan Covid-19, PHDI Imbau Umat Hindu Bali Melanjutkan Nyejer Pejati Pada Purnama 7 Mei 2020.” Tribunnews, 2020.
Sudirman, Sudirman, Ramadhita Ramadhita, and Syabbul Bachri. “Revitalizing Productive Zakat in The Covid-19 Pandemic Era in East Java.” Jurisdictie: Jurnal Hukum Dan Syariah 12, no. 2 (2021): 275–93.
Tanuwibowo, Budi S. “Imlek: Rukun, Kerja Keras, Peduli.” Kompas.id, 2020.
Thompson, Denise D P. Disaster Risk Governance: Four Cases from Developing Countries. Routledge, 2019.
Tim Mimbar Khonghucu. “Perilaku Bakti Di Tengah Pandemi.” kemenag.go.id, 2021.
Tuasikal, Rio. “Organisasi Lintas Agama Beri Bantuan Covid-19 Rp 1,5 Miliar Lebih,” 2020. https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/organisasi-lintas-agama-salurkan-bantuan-covid-1-5-miliar-lebih/5437459.html.
Tytarenko, Vita, and Iryna Bogachevska. “Religious" Covid Fundamentalism" in Eastern and Central Europe: Challenges and Lessons.” Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe 41, no. 1 (2021): 4.
Wanner, M S T. “Drivers of Change in National Disaster Governance under the Hyogo Framework for Action.” Politics and Governance, 2020. https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/3062.
Wariboko, Nimi. The Charismatic City and the Public Resurgence of Religion: A Pentecostal Social Ethics of Cosmopolitan Urban Life. Springer, 2014.
Widiyani, Rosmha. “Kisah Di Masa Rasulullah, Lafal Adzan Diubah Dan Diminta Sholat Di Rumah.” Detik.com, 2020.
Yanto, Fridi, M Kholis Amrullah, Muhammad Rafi’i, and Muhammad Sobri. “Perilaku Radikalisasi Beragama Masa Pandemi COVID 19 Di Provinsi Jambi.” FIKRAH 9, no. 2 (2021): 215–40.
Yayla, Ahmet S, and Serkan Tasgin. “Religious Fundamentalism in the Age of Pandemic.” Terrorism Research Initiative, 2021.
Published
2023-06-27
How to Cite
Prianto, A. L., Usman, S., Amri, A., Nurmandi, A., Qodir, Z., Jubba, H., & Ilik, G. (2023). Faith-Based Organizations’ Humanitarian Work from the Disaster Risk Governance Perspective: Lessons from Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. Mazahib, 22(1), 129-174. https://doi.org/10.21093/mj.v22i1.6317
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2023 Andi Luhur Prianto, Sunyoto Usman, Aqmal Reza Amri, Achmad Nurmandi, Zuly Qodir, Hasse Jubba, Goran Ilik
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
JOURNAL AFFILIATION
