KEDUDUKAN ASET DIGITAL (CRYPTOCURRENCY DAN NFT) SEBAGAI OBJEK HARTA BERSAMA DALAM SENGKETA PERCERAIAN DI PENGADILAN AGAMA
Analisis Fikih Muamalah dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21093/7fptx173Keywords:
Digital Assets, NFT, CryptocurrencyAbstract
This study examines the legal standing of cryptocurrency and Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) as joint property (harta bersama) in divorce disputes within the Religious Courts by analyzing Indonesian court decisions, comparative jurisprudence (the United States, the United Kingdom, Singapore, and South Korea), and the transition of crypto-asset supervision to the Financial Services Authority (OJK) under the P2SK Law. Employing a normative legal method with statutory, conceptual, case, and comparative approaches, this research yields three main findings. First, digital assets are recognized as māl in fiqh muamalah because they fulfill the requirements of mutaqawwam, qābil li al-tamlīk, and lawful benefits (manfaʿah halal). Second, under positive law, these assets are categorized as "intangible property" pursuant to Article 94 of the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI). This position is further reinforced by their reclassification as Digital Financial Assets (AKD) through POJK Number 27 of 2024 as amended by POJK Number 23 of 2025, and supported by judicial precedent (Decision of the West Jakarta Religious Court No. 1622/Pdt.G/2023/PA.JB). Third, this research formulates three equitable distribution mechanisms—namely in natura, liquidation and profit-sharing, and buyout complemented by procedural guidelines for evidentiary proof, valuation, and execution.
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