Building Awareness about Multicultural Society through Da’wa bi al-Hikmah
Keywords:
Da'wah Bi Al-Ḥikmah, Prophet Muhammad, Multicultural Society
Abstract
Indonesian society exhibits a high level of complexity in terms of diversity, comprising numerous islands with diverse cultures, races, regional languages, ethnic groups, religions, and beliefs. This characteristic has earned Indonesia the distinction of being recognized as one of the world's largest multicultural countries. Given this context, it is unsurprising that conflicts between races, ethnicities, and religions frequently arise. Consequently, as Indonesian residents, it becomes imperative for Muslims to contemplate potential solutions. This study endeavors to address two primary research questions: 1) What is the depiction of a multicultural society as fostered by Prophet Muhammad? 2) What are the manifestations of da'wah bi al-ḥikmah (wisdom-driven propagation of Islam) undertaken by Prophet Muhammad? The research employs a qualitative approach, specifically relying on library research methods. The findings of this study reveal that 1) Prophet Muhammad laid the foundation for a society characterized by multicultural awareness, exemplified through the cultivation of religious tolerance, mutual respect for diversity, including ethnic disparities and social statuses, and the promotion of unity and brotherhood among individuals. 2) The forms of da'wah bi al-ḥikmah employed by Prophet Muhammad in nurturing multicultural awareness within society were rational-psychological in nature. The Prophet skillfully engaged in dialogical and interactive communication with his companions (ummah), imparting understanding, awareness, setting good examples (uswatun hasanah), and even extending forgiveness to those who sought his pardon or absolution.
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Atmoko, Adi dan Ella Faridati, 2015, "Bimbingan Konseling untuk Multikultural di Sekolah", (Malang: Elang Mas).
at-Ṭabariy, Ibnu Jarīr, tt, "Tārīkh at-Ṭabariy; Tārīkh Umam Wa Muluk", (Bairut: Dar Al-Kutub).
at-Ṭabaṭṭaba'iy, Muhamad Ḥusain, 1397 H, “al-Mīzān fiy Tafsīr al-Qurān”, (Teheran: Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyyat).
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Eilers, F. Josef, 1995, “Berkomunikasi Antara Budaya”, (Flores: Nusa Indah), h. 17
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Fatḥiy, Abu, 1985, “Al-Ukhuwwah Al-Islamiyyah”, (Kairo: Dar Al-Islahy).
G.E. Von Grunebaum, 1970, “Classical Islam”, terj. Katherin Watson, (Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company).
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Ibrāhīm, Ḥusain, Ḥasan, 1979, “Tarikh al-Islam”, (Kairo: Maktabah al-Nahdhat al-Misriyat)
Ibrāhīm, Syarīf, Ahmad, 1972, “Daulat al-Rasūl fiy al-Madīnah”, (Kuwait: Dār al-Bayān).
IM. Hambali, 2016, "Model Dialog "4D" untuk Meningkatkan Kesadaran Multi-Kultural Siswa SMA di Kota Malang", Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan dan Konseling, Vol 1, No. 3.
Khaldun, Ibnu, 1979, “Tārīkh Ibnu Khaldun”, (Bairut: Dār al-Fikr).
Kymlicka, 2002, “Kewargaan Multikultural”, (Jakarta: Pustaka LP3ES).
Littlejon, Stephen W., 1999, "Theories of Human Communication", (California: Wadwort Publishing Company).
Mahfud, Choirul, 2006, “Pendidikan Multikultural”, (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar).
Mahfūẓ, Syaikh ‘Alī, 1979, “Hidāyat al-Mursyidīn ilā Ṭuruq al-Wa’ẓi wa al-Khaṭābah”, cet. ke-9, (Kairo: Dār al-I’tiṣām).
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Mulyana, Deddy, 2004, “Komunikasi Efektif”, (Bandung: P.T. Rosda Karya).
Mutamam, Hadi, 2001, "Hikmah dalam al-Qur'an", (Yogyakarta: Madani Pustaka Hikmah)
Nasor, 2007, "Komunikasi Persuasif Nabi Muhammad Saw. dalam Mewujudkan Masyarakat Madani", (Jakarta: Disertasi Sekolah Pascasarjana UIN Syarif Hidayatullah).
Natsoulas, Thomas, 1999, “The Concepts of Consciousness: The General State Meaning”, Journal for the Theory for Social Behavior, Vol. 20, No. 1, Oktober.
Salaby, A., 1983, “Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam”, (Jakarta: Pustaka Al-Husna), j. 2).
Sambas, Syukriadi, 2009, "Pemikiran Dakwah Muhammad Abduh dalam Tafsir al-Mannar", (Jakarta: Disertasi Sekolah Pascasarjana UIN Syarif Hidayatullah).
Sukardja, Ahmad, 1995, "Piagam Madinah dan UUD 1945”
Sukardja, Ahmad, 1995, “Piagam Madinah dan UUD 1945”, (Jakarta: UI Press)
Sutarno, 2008, “Pendidikan Multikultural”, (Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan Nasional).
Syarīf, Ahmad Ibrāhīm, 1972, “Daulat al-Rasūl fiy al-Madīnah”, (Kuwait: Dār al-Bayān).
Thiselton, Anthony C., 1992, "New Horizon in Hermeneutics", (Michigan: Zondervan Publication House).
Tilaar, H.A.R., 2004, “Multikulturalisme: Tantangan Global Masa Depan”, (Jakarta: Grasindo).
Tilaar, H.A.R., 2004, “Multikulturalisme: Tantangan Global Masa Depan”, (Jakarta: Grasindo)
Umari, Akram Dhiyauddin, 1999, “Medinan Society at the Time of the Prophet”, terj. Mun'im A. Sirry, “Masyarakat Madani: Tinjauan Historis Kehidupan Zaman Nabi”, (Jakarta: Gema Insani).
Watt, Montgomery, 1987, “Muhammad Prophet and Statemen”, (New York: Oxford University Press).
Yakub, Mustofa Ali, 1997, “Sejarah dan Metode Dakwah Nabi”, (Jakarta: Pustaka Firdaus).
Yasmadi, 2002, “Modernisasi Pesantren: Kritik Nurcholis Madjid Terhadap Pendidikan Islam Tradisional”, (Jakarta: Ciputat Press)
Zed, Mustika, 2004, "Metode Penelitian Kepustakaan", (Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia).
Zeman, Adam, 2001, ”Consciousness”, Brain, Vol. 124, No. 7
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