Building Awareness about Multicultural Society through Da’wa bi al-Hikmah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21093/lentera.v0i0.5822Keywords:
Da'wah Bi Al-Ḥikmah, Prophet Muhammad, Multicultural SocietyAbstract
Indonesian society exhibits a high level of complexity in terms of diversity, comprising numerous islands with diverse cultures, races, regional languages, ethnic groups, religions, and beliefs. This characteristic has earned Indonesia the distinction of being recognized as one of the world's largest multicultural countries. Given this context, it is unsurprising that conflicts between races, ethnicities, and religions frequently arise. Consequently, as Indonesian residents, it becomes imperative for Muslims to contemplate potential solutions. This study endeavors to address two primary research questions: 1) What is the depiction of a multicultural society as fostered by Prophet Muhammad? 2) What are the manifestations of da'wah bi al-ḥikmah (wisdom-driven propagation of Islam) undertaken by Prophet Muhammad? The research employs a qualitative approach, specifically relying on library research methods. The findings of this study reveal that 1) Prophet Muhammad laid the foundation for a society characterized by multicultural awareness, exemplified through the cultivation of religious tolerance, mutual respect for diversity, including ethnic disparities and social statuses, and the promotion of unity and brotherhood among individuals. 2) The forms of da'wah bi al-ḥikmah employed by Prophet Muhammad in nurturing multicultural awareness within society were rational-psychological in nature. The Prophet skillfully engaged in dialogical and interactive communication with his companions (ummah), imparting understanding, awareness, setting good examples (uswatun hasanah), and even extending forgiveness to those who sought his pardon or absolution.
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Arabiy, MuḥyÄ« ad-DÄ«n Ibn, 2006, "TafsÄ«r al-Qur'Än al-KarÄ«m (Tafsir Ibn 'Arabi)", (Beirut: DÄr al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah), j. 1.
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Arnold, Thomas W, 1979, “The Preaching of Islamâ€, terj. Nawawi Rambe, “Sejarah Dakwah Islamâ€, (Jakarta: Wijaya).
Arnold, Thomas W., 1981, “Sejarah dakwah Islamâ€, diterjemahkan oleh H. Nawawi Raambe dari judul "The Preaching of Islam: History of the Propagation of the Muslim Faith", (Jakarta: Widjaya).
Atmoko, Adi dan Ella Faridati, 2015, "Bimbingan Konseling untuk Multikultural di Sekolah", (Malang: Elang Mas).
at-Ṭabariy, Ibnu JarÄ«r, tt, "TÄrÄ«kh at-Ṭabariy; TÄrÄ«kh Umam Wa Muluk", (Bairut: Dar Al-Kutub).
at-Ṭabaá¹á¹aba'iy, Muhamad Ḥusain, 1397 H, “al-MÄ«zÄn fiy TafsÄ«r al-QurÄnâ€, (Teheran: Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyyat).
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Bariyyah, Khairul, Devi Permatasari dan Ch Erghiezha N.I.K, 2016, "Kesadaran Multikultural dan Urgensinya dalam bimbingan dan Konseling", Jurnal Konseling Indonesia, Vol. 3, No. 1, Oktober.
Chalmers, David J., 1995, “Facing Up to the Problem of Consciousnessâ€. Journal of Consciousness Studies, Vol. 2 No. (3).
Eilers, F. Josef, 1995, “Berkomunikasi Antara Budayaâ€, (Flores: Nusa Indah), h. 17
Fadhullah, Muhammad Husain, 1997, “Metodologi Dakwah Dalam al-Qur’anâ€, (Jakarta: Lentera Baristama).
Fahrurrozi, 2015, "Ekspresi Keberagamaan Masyarakat Islam Indonesia: Mozaik Multikulturalisme Indonesia", (Jurnal Toleransi: Media Komunikasi Umat Beragama, Vol. 7, No. 1, Januari).
Fatḥiy, Abu, 1985, “Al-Ukhuwwah Al-Islamiyyahâ€, (Kairo: Dar Al-Islahy).
G.E. Von Grunebaum, 1970, “Classical Islamâ€, terj. Katherin Watson, (Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company).
Ghafur, Waryono Abdul, 2014, "Dakwah Bil-Hikmah di Era Informasi dan Globalisasi (Berdakwah di Masyarakat Baru)", Jurnal Ilmu Dakwah, Vol. 34, No. 2, Juli-Desember
Gottschalk, Louis, 1956, "Understanding History: a Primary of Historical Method", (New York: Alfred and Knop).
Habib MZ, 2003, “Cara Nabi Muhammad Saw. Menggaet Ummatâ€, (Surabaya: Bintang Usaha Jaya).
Haikal, Muhammad Ḥusain, 1990, “ḤayÄt Muhammadâ€, (Kairo: Maktabah ‘Usrah)
Haikal, Muhammad Ḥusain, 1990, “ḤayÄt Muhammadâ€, (Kairo: Maktabah ‘Usrah).
Hitti, Philip K., 1970, “History of the Arabâ€, (London: The Macmillan Press, Ltd).
Huda, Zainol, 2016, "Dakwah Islam Multikultural (Metode Dakwah Nabi Saw. Kepada Umat Agama Lain)", Jurnal Religia, Vol. 19, No. 1, April.
Ḥusain, Muhammad al-Khuá¸ri, 1346 H, "ad-Da'wah IlÄ al-Iá¹£lÄḥ", (Kairo: al-Maá¹ba’ah as-Salafiyyah).
IbrÄhÄ«m, Ḥusain, Ḥasan, 1979, “Tarikh al-Islamâ€, (Kairo: Maktabah al-Nahdhat al-Misriyat)
IbrÄhÄ«m, SyarÄ«f, Ahmad, 1972, “Daulat al-RasÅ«l fiy al-MadÄ«nahâ€, (Kuwait: DÄr al-BayÄn).
IM. Hambali, 2016, "Model Dialog "4D" untuk Meningkatkan Kesadaran Multi-Kultural Siswa SMA di Kota Malang", Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan dan Konseling, Vol 1, No. 3.
Khaldun, Ibnu, 1979, “TÄrÄ«kh Ibnu Khaldunâ€, (Bairut: DÄr al-Fikr).
Kymlicka, 2002, “Kewargaan Multikulturalâ€, (Jakarta: Pustaka LP3ES).
Littlejon, Stephen W., 1999, "Theories of Human Communication", (California: Wadwort Publishing Company).
Mahfud, Choirul, 2006, “Pendidikan Multikulturalâ€, (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar).
Mahfūẓ, Syaikh ‘AlÄ«, 1979, “HidÄyat al-MursyidÄ«n ilÄ á¹¬uruq al-Wa’ẓi wa al-Khaá¹Äbahâ€, cet. ke-9, (Kairo: DÄr al-I’tiá¹£Äm).
Manẓūr, Ibnu, tt, “LisÄn al-‘Arabâ€, TaḥqÄ«q: ‘AbdullÄh ‘AlÄ« al-KabÄ«r, Muhammad Ahmad ḤasbullÄh dan HÄsyim Muhammad as-SyÄżilÄ«, (Kairo: DÄr al-Ma’Ärif).
Muhammad AbÅ« al-Fatḥ al-BayÄnÅ«niy, 1995, “al-Madkhal ilÄ â€˜Ilm ad-Da’wah: DirÄsah Manhajiyyah SyÄmilah li TÄrÄ«khi ad-Da’wah wa UṣūlihÄ wa ManÄhijihÄ wa AsÄlÄ«bihÄ wa WasÄilihÄ wa MusykilÄtihÄ fÄ« Ḍaui an-Naqli wa al-‘Aqliâ€, cet. ke-3, (Beirut: Muassasah ar-RisÄlah).
Mujiburrahman, 2013, “Islam Multikultural: Hikmah, Tujuan dan Kenekaragaman dalam Islamâ€, (Jurnal ad-din, Vol. 7, No. 1, Februari).
Mulyana, Deddy, 2004, “Komunikasi Efektifâ€, (Bandung: P.T. Rosda Karya).
Mutamam, Hadi, 2001, "Hikmah dalam al-Qur'an", (Yogyakarta: Madani Pustaka Hikmah)
Nasor, 2007, "Komunikasi Persuasif Nabi Muhammad Saw. dalam Mewujudkan Masyarakat Madani", (Jakarta: Disertasi Sekolah Pascasarjana UIN Syarif Hidayatullah).
Natsoulas, Thomas, 1999, “The Concepts of Consciousness: The General State Meaningâ€, Journal for the Theory for Social Behavior, Vol. 20, No. 1, Oktober.
Salaby, A., 1983, “Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islamâ€, (Jakarta: Pustaka Al-Husna), j. 2).
Sambas, Syukriadi, 2009, "Pemikiran Dakwah Muhammad Abduh dalam Tafsir al-Mannar", (Jakarta: Disertasi Sekolah Pascasarjana UIN Syarif Hidayatullah).
Sukardja, Ahmad, 1995, "Piagam Madinah dan UUD 1945â€
Sukardja, Ahmad, 1995, “Piagam Madinah dan UUD 1945â€, (Jakarta: UI Press)
Sutarno, 2008, “Pendidikan Multikulturalâ€, (Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan Nasional).
SyarÄ«f, Ahmad IbrÄhÄ«m, 1972, “Daulat al-RasÅ«l fiy al-MadÄ«nahâ€, (Kuwait: DÄr al-BayÄn).
Thiselton, Anthony C., 1992, "New Horizon in Hermeneutics", (Michigan: Zondervan Publication House).
Tilaar, H.A.R., 2004, “Multikulturalisme: Tantangan Global Masa Depanâ€, (Jakarta: Grasindo).
Tilaar, H.A.R., 2004, “Multikulturalisme: Tantangan Global Masa Depanâ€, (Jakarta: Grasindo)
Umari, Akram Dhiyauddin, 1999, “Medinan Society at the Time of the Prophetâ€, terj. Mun'im A. Sirry, “Masyarakat Madani: Tinjauan Historis Kehidupan Zaman Nabiâ€, (Jakarta: Gema Insani).
Watt, Montgomery, 1987, “Muhammad Prophet and Statemenâ€, (New York: Oxford University Press).
Yakub, Mustofa Ali, 1997, “Sejarah dan Metode Dakwah Nabiâ€, (Jakarta: Pustaka Firdaus).
Yasmadi, 2002, “Modernisasi Pesantren: Kritik Nurcholis Madjid Terhadap Pendidikan Islam Tradisionalâ€, (Jakarta: Ciputat Press)
Zed, Mustika, 2004, "Metode Penelitian Kepustakaan", (Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia).
Zeman, Adam, 2001, â€Consciousnessâ€, Brain, Vol. 124, No. 7
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