Critique on Salafibism and it’s Significance for Indonesian Islamic Moderation: Study on Khaled Abou El-Fadhl’s Thought
Keywords:
Critique, puritanism, Salafibism, Islamic moderation, and contemporary Indonesia.
Abstract
This paper aims to prove the importance of Khaled Abou el-Fadhl's (b. 1963) critique on Salafibism for mainstreaming Islamic moderation in contemporary Indonesia. This research examines Khaled's critique using the approach of ‘ilm uṣūl al-fiqh, a technique that analyzes the nature, secrets, and purposes of Islamic teachings including its laws. The problem examined in this research is the significance of Khaled's critique on Salafibism for mainstreaming Islamic moderation in contemporary Indonesia. This research concludes that from the perspective of ‘ilm uṣūl al-fiqh, Khaled's critique on Salafibism is crucial for mainstreaming Islamic modernization in present-day Indonesia. The significance of the critique lies in three things: (1). Providing the new awareness and energy for Indonesian Islamic scholars to campaign for moderate Islam and rejects puritanical Islam, especially Salafibism. (2). It provides theoretical guidance for the Islamic moderation movement in Indonesia, especially the importance of the balance between literalism and maqāṣid as well as between text and context in understanding the holy book. (3). Creating the practical guidance for the Islamic moderation movement in Indonesia to counter extremism. This research indicates that adopting a moderate approach to Islam holds significant promise for achieving local, national, and global religious harmony. In contrast, the puritanical approach, which hinders such concord, should be abandoned.
Keywords: Critique, puritanism, salafibism, Islamic moderation, contemporary Indonesia
References
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Baihaqi, Nurun Nisaa. "Khaled Abou El Fadl's Hermeneutics: Analysis and Critique of the Typology of Moderate Islam and Puritan Islam," TAJDID 28, no. 2 (2021): 211-232. doi: https://doi.org/10.36667/tajdid.v28i2.722.
Choir, Tholhatul and Ahwan Fanani (eds.). Islam in Contemporary Readings. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2009.
Dahlan, Sayid Ahmad bin Zaini. Notes on Sayid Ahmad bin Zaini Dahlan's Thoughts on Wahabism, trans. Agus Khudori. Jakarta: Wali Pustaka, 2003.
Davids, Nuraan. "Islam, Moderation, Radicalism, and Justly Balanced Communities," Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 37, no. 3 (October 5, 2017). doi: 10.1080/13602004.2017.1384672. link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2017.1384672.
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Farida, Ummu. "Indigenous Islam and Puritan Islam: An Effort to Find the Face of Indonesian Islam Based on the Dialectical Process of its Adherents with Local Traditions," FIKRAH: Journal of Aqidah Science and Religious Studies 3, no. 1 (June 2015): 141-156.
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Jinan, Mutohharun. "Tracing the Ideological Roots of Islamic Puritanism: A Biographical Survey of the "Three Abdullahs", Walisongo 22, no. 2 (November 2014): 381-412.
Lim, Merlyna. Islamic Radicalism and Anti-Americanism in Indonesia: The Role of the Internet. Washington, D.C.: East-West Center Washington, 2005.
Muhsin, Ilya and Muhammad Gufron. "The Movement of Islamic Puritanism in Indonesia: Uncovering the Veil Behind the Movement of Majelis Tafsir Al-Qur'an (MTA)," INFERENSI, Journal of Social and Religious Research 12, no. 1 (June 2018): 213-238, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/infsl3v12i1.213-238, link: http://inferensi.iainsalatiga.ac.id.
Mahdaniyal H.N. The Method of Istinbath al-Hukm on Gender by Khaled Medhat Abou el Fadl. Semarang: Thesis IAIN Walisongo, 2010.
Mamdani, Mahmood. Good Muslim, Bad Muslim: America, the Cold War, and the Roots of Terror. New York: Pantheon Books, 2004.
Mun'im, A. Rafiq Zainul. "Puritan Islam Vs Moderate Islam (Tracing Khaled Abou el Fadl's Ideas in The Great Theft: Wrestling Islam from the Extremists)," At-Turāṡ V, no. 2 (July-December 2018): 225-244.
Pektas, Serafettin. "A Comparative Analysis of Three Sunni Muslim Organizations on 'Moderate' and 'Radical' Islam in Egypt, Morocco and Indonesia, Religion 51, no. 2 (07 Jan 2021): 190-213. doi: 10.1080/0048721X.2020.1868383. link: https://doi.org/10.1080/0048721X.2020.1868383.
Rahman, Taufiqur. "Contextualizing Jihad and Mainstream Muslim Identity in Indonesia: The Case of Republika Online," Asian Journal of Communication 27, no. 4 (January 22, 2017). doi: 10.1080/01292986.2016.1278251. link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2016.1278251.
Sarāwī, As-. "Muqaddimah al-Muḥaqqiq", in Sulaiman b. Abdul Wahhab. aṣ-ṣawā'iq al-Ilāhiyyah fī ar-Radd alā al-Wahhābiyyah. Beirut: Dār Zul Faqār, 1998.
Schmidt, Leonie. "Aesthetics of Authority: 'Islam Nusantara' and Islamic 'Radicalism' in Indonesian Film and Social Media," Religion 51, no. 2 (2020): 237-258, doi: 10.1080/0048721X.2020.1868387. link: https://doi.org/10.1080/0048721X.2020.1868387.
Shāṭibī, Abū Isḥāq ash-. al-Muwāfaqāt, ed. by Abdullah Darāz. Cairo: Maṭba'ah ar-Rahmaniyyah, n.d.
Slater, Angus M. "Queer(ing) Notions of Islamic Authority: A Methodological Disposition in the Work of Khaled Abou El Fadl," Theology & Sexuality 22, no. 1-2 (2017): 25-41, doi: 10.1080/13558358.2017.1296686, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13558358.2017.1296686.
Suhandary, Dian. "Moderate and Puritan in Islam: An Examination of Khaled M. Abou el Fadl's Hermeneutical Method," Indonesian Journal of Islamic Theology and Philosophy 1, no. 1 (2019): 19-44, http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/ijitp. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/ijtp.v1i1.3902.
Ulya. "Critical Study of Khaled Abou Al Fadl's Ideas in Speaking in God's Name," Hermeneutik 9, no. 1 (June 2015): 139-160.
van Bruinessen, Martin. "Muslim Fundamentalism: Something to be Understood or to be Explained Away?" Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations 6, no. 2 (1995): 157-171. link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09596419508721050.
----------. "Genealogies of Islamic Radicalism in Post-Suharto Indonesia. " South East Asia Research 10, no. 2 (2002): 117-154.
van Es, Margaretha A. "Norwegian Muslims Denouncing Terrorism: Beyond 'Moderate' versus 'Radical'?", Religion 51, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 169-189. doi: 10.1080/0048721X.2021.1865600. link: https://doi.org/10.1080/0048721X.2021.1865600.
----------. Nina ter Laan and Erik Meinema. "Beyond 'Radical' versus 'Moderate'? New Perspectives on the Politics of Moderation in Muslim Majority and Muslim Minority Settings, Religion 51, no. 2 (05 Apr 2021): 161-168. doi: 10.1080/0048721X.2021.1865616. link: https://doi.org/10.1080/0048721X.2021.1865616.
Viorst, Milton. "Puritanism and Stagnation", in Khaled Abou El Fadhl, The Idea and Fact of Islamic Tolerance.
Abu Zahrah, Muhammad. Tārīkh al-Mazāhib al-Islāmiyyah fī as-Siyāsah wa al-'Aqā'id. Cairo: Dār al-Fikr al-'Arabī, 1996.
Afrianty, Dina. "Islamic Education and Youth Extremism in Indonesia," Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism 7, no. 2 (2012): 134-146. doi: 10.1080/18335330.2012.719095, link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2012.719095.
Ali, Nur, Benny Afwadzi, Irwan Abdullah and Muhammad Islahul Mukmin. "Interreligious Literacy Learning as a Counter-Radicalization Method: A New Trend among Institutions of Islamic Higher Education in Indonesia," Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations 32, no. 4 (2021): 383-405. doi: 10.1080/09596410.2021.1996978. link: https://doi.org/10.1080/09596410.2021.1996978.
Baihaqi, Nurun Nisaa. "Khaled Abou El Fadl's Hermeneutics: Analysis and Critique of the Typology of Moderate Islam and Puritan Islam," TAJDID 28, no. 2 (2021): 211-232. doi: https://doi.org/10.36667/tajdid.v28i2.722.
Choir, Tholhatul and Ahwan Fanani (eds.). Islam in Contemporary Readings. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2009.
Dahlan, Sayid Ahmad bin Zaini. Notes on Sayid Ahmad bin Zaini Dahlan's Thoughts on Wahabism, trans. Agus Khudori. Jakarta: Wali Pustaka, 2003.
Davids, Nuraan. "Islam, Moderation, Radicalism, and Justly Balanced Communities," Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 37, no. 3 (October 5, 2017). doi: 10.1080/13602004.2017.1384672. link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2017.1384672.
Fadl, Khaled Abou El-. The Great Theft: Wrestling Islam from the Extremists. New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc. 2005.
---------. The Search for Beauty in Islam: A Conference of the Books. Lanham, Md: Rowman and Littlefield, 2006.
---------. Khaled Abou El Fadl, Islam and the Challenge of Democracy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004.
---------. Khaled Abou El Fadl, The Place of Tolerance in Islam. Boston: Beacon Press, 2002.
---------. Khaled Abou El Fadl, Rebellion and Violence in Islamic Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
---------. Khaled Abou El Fadl. Speaking in God's Name: Islamic Law, Authority and Women. Oxford: Oneworld Publications, 2001.
---------. Khaled Abou El Fadl, And God Knows the Soldiers: The Authoritative and Authoritarian in Islamic Discourses. Lanham, Md: University Press of America/Rowman and Littlefield, 2001.
---------. Khaled Abou El Fadl, Conference of the Books: The Search for Beauty in Islam. Lanham, Md: University Press of America/Rowman and Littlefield, 2001.
---------. The Authoritative and Authoritarian in Islamic Discourses: A Contemporary Case Study. 3rd edition. Washington, D.C.: Al-Saadawi Publishers, 2002.
---------. Reasoning with God: Reclaiming Shari'ah in the Modern Age. Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield, 2014.
---------. "The Rules of Killing at War: An Inquiry into Classical Sources," The Muslim World LXXXIX, no. 2 (April 1999): 144-157.
---------. "Islam and the Challange of Democratic Commitment," Fordham International Law Journal 27, no. 1 (December 2003): 4 - 71.
---------. "Islam and the Theology of Power," Middle East Report 221 (Winter 2001): 28 - 33.
---------. "Islamic Authority in New Directions in Islamic Thought: Exploring Reform and Muslim Tradition" in Kari Vogt, Lena Miller and Christian Moe (eds.). London: I.B. Tauris, 2009.
---------. "The Epistemology of Truth in Modern Islam," Philosophy and Social Criticism 41, no. 4-5 (2015): 473-486, doi: 10.177/019/1453715577739.
---------. The Idea and Fact of Islamic Tolerance: Puritanism versus Pluralism, trans. Heru Prasetia. Bandung: Arasy, 2003.
----------. Joshua Cohen, and Ian Lague, The Place of Tolerance in Islam. Boston: Beacon Press, 2002.
Farhan, Ibnu. "Puritans and Moderates in Islam" Misykah 1, no. 1 (January-June 2016): 101-117.
Farida, Ummu. "Indigenous Islam and Puritan Islam: An Effort to Find the Face of Indonesian Islam Based on the Dialectical Process of its Adherents with Local Traditions," FIKRAH: Journal of Aqidah Science and Religious Studies 3, no. 1 (June 2015): 141-156.
Hadiz, Vedi R. "Towards a Sociological Understanding of Islamic Radicalism in Indonesia, Journal of Contemporary Asia 38, no. 4 (November 2008): 638-647, link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00472330802311795.
Hasan, Noorhaidi. "The Failure of the Wahhabi Campaign Transnational Islam and the Salafi Madrasa in Post-9/11 Indonesia" South East Asia Research 18, no. 4 (2010): 675-705, doi: 10.5367/sear.2010.0015.
Internet website: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AvIp68IgqzA
Internet websites: https://www.kemenag.go.id/read/menag-minta-ptkin-jadi-pusat-pengembangan-moderasi-beragama, Friday, December 17, 2021 10:22; https://www.kemenag.go.id/read/menag-sebut-moderasi-beragama-salah-satu-solusi-terbaik-antisipasi-potensi-konflik, Wednesday, July 27, 2022 10:28.
Jābirī, Muhammad ābid al-. Democracy, Human Rights and Law in Islamic Thought. London: I.B. Tauris, 2009.
----------. The Formation of Arab Reason: Text, Tradition and the Construction of Modernity in the Arab World. trans. the Center for Arab Unity Studies. London: I.B.Tauris Publishers in Association with the Center for Arab Unity Studies, 2011.
Jinan, Mutohharun. "Tracing the Ideological Roots of Islamic Puritanism: A Biographical Survey of the "Three Abdullahs", Walisongo 22, no. 2 (November 2014): 381-412.
Lim, Merlyna. Islamic Radicalism and Anti-Americanism in Indonesia: The Role of the Internet. Washington, D.C.: East-West Center Washington, 2005.
Muhsin, Ilya and Muhammad Gufron. "The Movement of Islamic Puritanism in Indonesia: Uncovering the Veil Behind the Movement of Majelis Tafsir Al-Qur'an (MTA)," INFERENSI, Journal of Social and Religious Research 12, no. 1 (June 2018): 213-238, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/infsl3v12i1.213-238, link: http://inferensi.iainsalatiga.ac.id.
Mahdaniyal H.N. The Method of Istinbath al-Hukm on Gender by Khaled Medhat Abou el Fadl. Semarang: Thesis IAIN Walisongo, 2010.
Mamdani, Mahmood. Good Muslim, Bad Muslim: America, the Cold War, and the Roots of Terror. New York: Pantheon Books, 2004.
Mun'im, A. Rafiq Zainul. "Puritan Islam Vs Moderate Islam (Tracing Khaled Abou el Fadl's Ideas in The Great Theft: Wrestling Islam from the Extremists)," At-Turāṡ V, no. 2 (July-December 2018): 225-244.
Pektas, Serafettin. "A Comparative Analysis of Three Sunni Muslim Organizations on 'Moderate' and 'Radical' Islam in Egypt, Morocco and Indonesia, Religion 51, no. 2 (07 Jan 2021): 190-213. doi: 10.1080/0048721X.2020.1868383. link: https://doi.org/10.1080/0048721X.2020.1868383.
Rahman, Taufiqur. "Contextualizing Jihad and Mainstream Muslim Identity in Indonesia: The Case of Republika Online," Asian Journal of Communication 27, no. 4 (January 22, 2017). doi: 10.1080/01292986.2016.1278251. link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2016.1278251.
Sarāwī, As-. "Muqaddimah al-Muḥaqqiq", in Sulaiman b. Abdul Wahhab. aṣ-ṣawā'iq al-Ilāhiyyah fī ar-Radd alā al-Wahhābiyyah. Beirut: Dār Zul Faqār, 1998.
Schmidt, Leonie. "Aesthetics of Authority: 'Islam Nusantara' and Islamic 'Radicalism' in Indonesian Film and Social Media," Religion 51, no. 2 (2020): 237-258, doi: 10.1080/0048721X.2020.1868387. link: https://doi.org/10.1080/0048721X.2020.1868387.
Shāṭibī, Abū Isḥāq ash-. al-Muwāfaqāt, ed. by Abdullah Darāz. Cairo: Maṭba'ah ar-Rahmaniyyah, n.d.
Slater, Angus M. "Queer(ing) Notions of Islamic Authority: A Methodological Disposition in the Work of Khaled Abou El Fadl," Theology & Sexuality 22, no. 1-2 (2017): 25-41, doi: 10.1080/13558358.2017.1296686, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13558358.2017.1296686.
Suhandary, Dian. "Moderate and Puritan in Islam: An Examination of Khaled M. Abou el Fadl's Hermeneutical Method," Indonesian Journal of Islamic Theology and Philosophy 1, no. 1 (2019): 19-44, http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/ijitp. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/ijtp.v1i1.3902.
Ulya. "Critical Study of Khaled Abou Al Fadl's Ideas in Speaking in God's Name," Hermeneutik 9, no. 1 (June 2015): 139-160.
van Bruinessen, Martin. "Muslim Fundamentalism: Something to be Understood or to be Explained Away?" Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations 6, no. 2 (1995): 157-171. link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09596419508721050.
----------. "Genealogies of Islamic Radicalism in Post-Suharto Indonesia. " South East Asia Research 10, no. 2 (2002): 117-154.
van Es, Margaretha A. "Norwegian Muslims Denouncing Terrorism: Beyond 'Moderate' versus 'Radical'?", Religion 51, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 169-189. doi: 10.1080/0048721X.2021.1865600. link: https://doi.org/10.1080/0048721X.2021.1865600.
----------. Nina ter Laan and Erik Meinema. "Beyond 'Radical' versus 'Moderate'? New Perspectives on the Politics of Moderation in Muslim Majority and Muslim Minority Settings, Religion 51, no. 2 (05 Apr 2021): 161-168. doi: 10.1080/0048721X.2021.1865616. link: https://doi.org/10.1080/0048721X.2021.1865616.
Viorst, Milton. "Puritanism and Stagnation", in Khaled Abou El Fadhl, The Idea and Fact of Islamic Tolerance.
Published
2023-12-17
How to Cite
Fanani, M., & Iswanto, B. (2023). Critique on Salafibism and it’s Significance for Indonesian Islamic Moderation: Study on Khaled Abou El-Fadhl’s Thought. Mazahib, 22(2), 351-398. https://doi.org/10.21093/mj.v22i2.7046
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Articles
Copyright (c) 2023 Muhyar Fanani Fanani, Bambang Iswanto Iswanto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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