Dampak Psikologis Pelanggaran Norma Agama Melalui Perzinahan: Kajian Teori Psikologi, Psikologi Agama, dan Perspektif Islam
Keywords:
zina, dampak psikologis, teori emosi moral, religiusitas, psikologi Islam, guilt, shame, trauma relasional
Abstract
Perzinahan atau zina merupakan perilaku seksual di luar ikatan pernikahan yang sah dalam Islam dikategorikan sebagai dosa besar dengan konsekuensi hukum dan spiritual yang serius. Di luar dimensi normatif agama, kajian psikologi kontemporer secara konsisten menunjukkan bahwa zina menghasilkan dampak psikologis yang signifikan, baik bagi pelaku maupun korban. Artikel ini menyajikan tinjauan literatur dan mensintesis bagaimana teori-teori psikologi utama menjelaskan fenomena zina dan konsekuensi psikologisnya. Teori yang digunakan mencakup: Teori Trauma Relasional (Herman, 1992), Teori Disonansi Kognitif (Festinger, 1957), Teori Emosi Moral (Haidt, 2003; Tangney et al., 2007). Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985), Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991), Teori Koping Religius (Pargament, 1997), Teori Kontrol Diri (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990), dan Teori Kelekatan (Bowbly, 1965). Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa: (1) zina memicu trauma psikologis yang sebanding dengan PTSD; (2) guilt dan shame muncul sebagai respons emosi moral universal yang menjadi sinyal kesadaran moral; (3) religiusitas tinggi berfungsi sebagai faktor protektif terkuat; (4) dalam konteks masyarakat menunjukkan bahwa perintah Al-Qur’an untuk menjauhi zina memiliki basis wisdom psikologis yang mendalam guna melindungi jiwa (hifdz al-nafs) dan keturunan (hifdz al-nasl) sebagai bagian dari maqasid al-syari’ah.
References
Abbas, S., Latif, M., & Anjum, R. (2023). Unveiling the veil: Understanding the impact of adultery and fornication on societal discontent and remedies suggested in a Pakistani context. Journal of Development and Social Sciences, 4(4), 465–479. https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2023(4-IV)42
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Erlbaum.
Al-Ghazali, A. H. M. (n.d.). Ihya' 'ulum al-din [The revival of the religious sciences]. Dar al-Ma'rifah.
Belu, C. F., Hicks, L., Tay, J. L., Moran, M., Tran, D., & Murray, G. (2023). Love and infidelity: Causes and consequences. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(5), 4114. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054114
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment. Basic Books.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Plenum Press.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The 'what' and 'why' of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford University Press.
García-Sancho, E., Salguero, J. M., Fernández-Berrocal, P., & Alvarado, J. M. (2023). Infidelity in the adolescence stage: The roles of negative affect, hostility, and psychological well-being. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(5), 4114. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054114
Gottfredson, M. R., & Hirschi, T. (1990). A general theory of crime. Stanford University Press.
Glock, C. Y., & Stark, R. (1965). Religion and society in tension. Rand McNally.
Haidt, J. (2003). The moral emotions. In R. J. Davidson, K. R. Scherer, & H. H. Goldsmith (Eds.), Handbook of affective sciences (pp. 852–870). Oxford University Press.
Herman, J. L. (1992). Trauma and recovery. Basic Books.
Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of delinquency. University of California Press.
Khairunnisa, A. (2013). Hubungan religiusitas dan kontrol diri dengan perilaku seksual pranikah remaja di MAN 1 Samarinda. Psikoborneo: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 1(3), 126–131. https://doi.org/10.30872/psikoborneo.v1i3.3322
Ladis, I., Abrams, D., & Calkins, C. (2023). Differential associations between guilt and shame proneness and religious coping styles in a diverse sample of young adults. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 38(3–4), 3405–3430. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605221081931
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer.
Malihah, Z., Latifah, M., & Hastuti, D. (2022). Pre-marital sexual behavior of adolescents: The influence of self-control, parental attachment, and peer roles. Journal of Family Sciences, 7(2), 71–87. https://doi.org/10.29244/jfs.v7i2.42463
Martínez de Pisón, R. (2023). Religion, spirituality and mental health: The role of guilt and shame. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health, 25(4), 261–276. https://doi.org/10.1080/19349637.2022.2109241
McCullough, M. E., & Willoughby, B. L. B. (2009). Religion, self-regulation, and self-control: Associations, explanations, and implications. Psychological Bulletin, 135(1), 69–93. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014213
Murray, K. M., Ciarrocchi, J. W., & Murray-Swank, N. A. (2007). Spirituality, religiosity, shame and guilt as predictors of sexual attitudes and experiences. Pastoral Psychology, 55(3), 271–282. https://doi.org/10.1177/009164710703500305
Nugroho, A. Y. F., & Sari, R. E. (2022). Perilaku seksual pranikah remaja ditinjau dari keterlibatan orang tua dan tingkat religiusitas. Jurnal Psikologi: Jurnal Ilmiah Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Yudharta Pasuruan, 9(2). https://jurnal.yudharta.ac.id/v2/index.php/ILMU-PSIKOLOGI/article/view/3001
Pargament, K. I. (1997). The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research, practice. Guilford Press.
Ramadani, R. C., Ibrahim, K., Mirwanti, R., Maulana, S., & Jabareen, R. (2025). A scoping review of factors associated with premarital sex-related risky sexual health behavior among adolescents in conservative societies based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. BMC Public Health, 25, Article 22278. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22278-0
Ramrakha, S., Bell, M. L., Paul, C., Dickson, N., Moffitt, T. E., & Caspi, A. (2013). The relationship between multiple sex partners and anxiety, depression, and substance dependence disorders: A cohort study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 48(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-013-0667-5
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
Susanti, E., Ermiati, & Suryani. (2021). Psychological impact of unwanted pregnancy on adolescents: A narrative review. Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan (JNC), 8(2), 134–143. https://doi.org/10.26699/jnk.v8i2.ART.p134-143
Suprihyatin, N. (2024). Penyimpangan seksual dalam perspektif psikologi (solusi atas masalah penyimpangan seksual dalam perspektif psikologi). AKADEMIKA: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan, 23(1). https://journal.ipw.ac.id/index.php/akademika/article/view/82
Tangney, J. P., & Dearing, R. L. (2002). Shame and guilt. Guilford Press.
Tangney, J. P., Baumeister, R. F., & Boone, A. L. (2004). High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success. Journal of Personality, 72(2), 271–324. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00263.x
Tangney, J. P., Stuewig, J., & Mashek, D. J. (2007). Moral emotions and moral behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 345–372. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070145
Varma, P., & Maheshwari, S. (2025). Emotional consequences of infidelity: Guilt and regret experiences among perpetrators of cheating in heterosexual dating relationships. The Family Journal, 33(1), 45–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/10664807241293150
Vasilenko, S. A., Kugler, K. C., & Rice, C. E. (2017). Age-varying associations between non-marital sexual behavior and depressive symptoms across adolescence and young adulthood. Journal of Adolescent Health, 60(6), 670–676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.06.012
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Erlbaum.
Al-Ghazali, A. H. M. (n.d.). Ihya' 'ulum al-din [The revival of the religious sciences]. Dar al-Ma'rifah.
Belu, C. F., Hicks, L., Tay, J. L., Moran, M., Tran, D., & Murray, G. (2023). Love and infidelity: Causes and consequences. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(5), 4114. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054114
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment. Basic Books.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Plenum Press.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The 'what' and 'why' of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford University Press.
García-Sancho, E., Salguero, J. M., Fernández-Berrocal, P., & Alvarado, J. M. (2023). Infidelity in the adolescence stage: The roles of negative affect, hostility, and psychological well-being. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(5), 4114. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054114
Gottfredson, M. R., & Hirschi, T. (1990). A general theory of crime. Stanford University Press.
Glock, C. Y., & Stark, R. (1965). Religion and society in tension. Rand McNally.
Haidt, J. (2003). The moral emotions. In R. J. Davidson, K. R. Scherer, & H. H. Goldsmith (Eds.), Handbook of affective sciences (pp. 852–870). Oxford University Press.
Herman, J. L. (1992). Trauma and recovery. Basic Books.
Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of delinquency. University of California Press.
Khairunnisa, A. (2013). Hubungan religiusitas dan kontrol diri dengan perilaku seksual pranikah remaja di MAN 1 Samarinda. Psikoborneo: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 1(3), 126–131. https://doi.org/10.30872/psikoborneo.v1i3.3322
Ladis, I., Abrams, D., & Calkins, C. (2023). Differential associations between guilt and shame proneness and religious coping styles in a diverse sample of young adults. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 38(3–4), 3405–3430. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605221081931
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer.
Malihah, Z., Latifah, M., & Hastuti, D. (2022). Pre-marital sexual behavior of adolescents: The influence of self-control, parental attachment, and peer roles. Journal of Family Sciences, 7(2), 71–87. https://doi.org/10.29244/jfs.v7i2.42463
Martínez de Pisón, R. (2023). Religion, spirituality and mental health: The role of guilt and shame. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health, 25(4), 261–276. https://doi.org/10.1080/19349637.2022.2109241
McCullough, M. E., & Willoughby, B. L. B. (2009). Religion, self-regulation, and self-control: Associations, explanations, and implications. Psychological Bulletin, 135(1), 69–93. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014213
Murray, K. M., Ciarrocchi, J. W., & Murray-Swank, N. A. (2007). Spirituality, religiosity, shame and guilt as predictors of sexual attitudes and experiences. Pastoral Psychology, 55(3), 271–282. https://doi.org/10.1177/009164710703500305
Nugroho, A. Y. F., & Sari, R. E. (2022). Perilaku seksual pranikah remaja ditinjau dari keterlibatan orang tua dan tingkat religiusitas. Jurnal Psikologi: Jurnal Ilmiah Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Yudharta Pasuruan, 9(2). https://jurnal.yudharta.ac.id/v2/index.php/ILMU-PSIKOLOGI/article/view/3001
Pargament, K. I. (1997). The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research, practice. Guilford Press.
Ramadani, R. C., Ibrahim, K., Mirwanti, R., Maulana, S., & Jabareen, R. (2025). A scoping review of factors associated with premarital sex-related risky sexual health behavior among adolescents in conservative societies based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. BMC Public Health, 25, Article 22278. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22278-0
Ramrakha, S., Bell, M. L., Paul, C., Dickson, N., Moffitt, T. E., & Caspi, A. (2013). The relationship between multiple sex partners and anxiety, depression, and substance dependence disorders: A cohort study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 48(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-013-0667-5
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
Susanti, E., Ermiati, & Suryani. (2021). Psychological impact of unwanted pregnancy on adolescents: A narrative review. Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan (JNC), 8(2), 134–143. https://doi.org/10.26699/jnk.v8i2.ART.p134-143
Suprihyatin, N. (2024). Penyimpangan seksual dalam perspektif psikologi (solusi atas masalah penyimpangan seksual dalam perspektif psikologi). AKADEMIKA: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan, 23(1). https://journal.ipw.ac.id/index.php/akademika/article/view/82
Tangney, J. P., & Dearing, R. L. (2002). Shame and guilt. Guilford Press.
Tangney, J. P., Baumeister, R. F., & Boone, A. L. (2004). High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success. Journal of Personality, 72(2), 271–324. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00263.x
Tangney, J. P., Stuewig, J., & Mashek, D. J. (2007). Moral emotions and moral behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 345–372. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070145
Varma, P., & Maheshwari, S. (2025). Emotional consequences of infidelity: Guilt and regret experiences among perpetrators of cheating in heterosexual dating relationships. The Family Journal, 33(1), 45–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/10664807241293150
Vasilenko, S. A., Kugler, K. C., & Rice, C. E. (2017). Age-varying associations between non-marital sexual behavior and depressive symptoms across adolescence and young adulthood. Journal of Adolescent Health, 60(6), 670–676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.06.012
Published
2026-06-15
Section
Articles
