Pengaruh Character Strengths dan Spiritualitas terhadap Kesehatan Mental Remaja Korban Bullying di Sumbawa
Keywords:
Character Strengths, Spirituality, Mental Health, Bullying, Teenagers
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the influence of character strengths and spirituality on the mental health of adolescents who are victims of bullying in Sumbawa. Bullying is a social problem that has a serious impact on the psychological well-being of adolescents, leading to anxiety, depression, stress, low self-esteem, and social adjustment disorders. This study employs a quantitative approach using an ex post facto research design. The study sample consisted of 250 adolescents who were victims of bullying, selected using purposive sampling. Data collection was carried out using the character strengths scale, the spirituality scale, and the mental health scale, all based on the Likert scale model. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression with the aid of SPSS version 30. The results indicate that character strengths and spirituality have a positive and significant effect on the mental health of adolescents who are victims of bullying, with a significance level of 0.000 < 0.05. The coefficient of determination (R²) value of 0.313 indicates that character strengths and spirituality contribute 31.3% to the mental health of adolescents who are victims of bullying, whilst the remainder is influenced by other factors outside the scope of this study. The conclusion is that the higher the character strengths and spirituality possessed by adolescents who are victims of bullying, the better their mental health.
References
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Rahman. (2009). Perilaku Religiusitas dalam Kaitannya dengan Emosi Remaja. Jurnal Al–Qalam, Vol 15, no 23.
Rodriguez-Gonzalez, C. (2025). Effect of Spirituality on the Mental Health of Adults who Experienced Bullying in their Childhood.
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Smith, T. B., McCullough, M. E., & Poll, J. (2019). Religiousness and Depression: Evidence from Psychological Research. Psychological Bulletin, 129(4), 614–636.
Turcotte Benedict, F., Vivier, P. M., & Gjelsvik, A. (2015). Mental health and bullying in the United States among children aged 6 to 17 years. Journal of interpersonal violence, 30(5), 782-795.
Wagner, L., Gander, F., Proyer, R. T., & Ruch, W. (2020). Character Strengths and Well-Being in Adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 219.
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Wibowo, H., Fijriani, F., & Krisnanda, V. D. (2021). Fenomena perilaku bullying di sekolah. Orien: Cakrawala Ilmiah Mahasiswa, 1(2), 157–166. https://doi.org/10.30998/ocim.v1i2.5888
Yadav, M., & Yadav, R. (2018). Impact of spirituality/religiousness on cyber bullying and victimization in university students: Mediating effect of emotional intelligence. Journal of religion and health, 57(5), 1961-1979
Brito, A. D., & Soares, A. B. (2023). Well-being, character strengths, and depression in emerging adults. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1238105
Chatlos, J. C. (2023). Bullying, spirituality, anxiety and depression. Archives of Depression and Anxiety, 9(1), 28-34.
Cotton, S., et al. (2006). Spirituality and mental health outcomes in adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38(4), 472–480.
Cotton, S., Zebracki, K., Rosenthal, S. L., Tsevat, J., & Drotar, D. (2006). Religion/Spirituality and Adolescent Health Outcomes. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38(4), 472–480.
Dědová, K., Sleziaková, A., & Mihaliková, V. (2024). Bullying in the Context of Adolescents’ Experience of Spirituality and Loneliness. Spirituality Studies.
Delaney, C. (2005). The spirituality scale: Development and psychometric testing of a holistic instrument to assess the human spiritual dimension. Journal of holistic nursing, 23(2), 145-167.
Demirci, İ., Ekşi, H., Ekşi, F., & Kaya, Ç. (2021). Character strengths and psychological vulnerability: The mediating role of resilience. Current Psychology, 40 (11), 5626–5636. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00533-1
Diannita, A., Salsabela, F., Wijiati, L., Margaretha, A., & Putri, S. (n.d.). 2023, Pages 297-301 Journal of Education Research. In Journal of Education Research (Vol. 4, Number 1).
Eastman M, Foshee V, Ennett S, Sotres-Alvarez D, Reyes HLM, Faris R, North K. Profiles of internalizing and externalizing symptoms associated with bullying victimization. J Adolesc. 2018 Jun;65:101-110. doi: 10.1016/j. adolescence.2018.03.007.
Ghielen, S. T. S., van Woerkom, M., & Christina Meyers, M. (2018). Promoting positive outcomes through strengths interventions: A literature review. Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(6), 573–585. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2017.1365164
Gustems, J., & Calderon, C. (2014). Character Strengths and Psychological Wellbeing among Students of Teacher Education. International Journal of Educational Psychology, 3(3), 265–286. https://doi.org/10.4471/ijep.2014.14
Junaidin, Arisanti, I,. & Winata, E.Y. (2025). Psikologi positif dalam Pendidikan: (Kesehatan Mental Remaja Korban Bullying: Character Strenghts, Nilai Budaya Sabalong Samalewa, Dukungan Orang Tua Dalam Pencegahan Bullying). (2025). Bandung. Widina Media Utama.
Junaidin, Hasri Rosandi, F., Sakti, P., Nursyahbaratin, I., Fatika, S., Ayu Ramadhani, S., & Dwi Erliana, Y . (2024). Perspektif Psikologi Positif : Quarter Life Crisis Pada Remaja Putri Di Sumbawa Peran Optmisme.
Junaidin, J., Latief, N. S. Abd., & Kahar, A. S. J. (2022). Dimensions Of Spirituality And Meaning Of Life In Muslim Women Wearing Hijab In Indonesia. Psikis : Jurnal Psikologi Islami, 8(2), 151–159. https://doi.org/10.19109/psikis.v8i2.9781
Keyes, C. L. M. (2007). Promoting and protecting mental health as flourishing. American Psychologist, 62(2), 95–108.
Koenig, H. G. (2012). Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications. ISRN Psychiatry.
Koenig, H. G. (2012). Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications. ISRN Psychiatry.
Myers, D. G. (2013). Psychology. New York: Worth Publishers.
Nafei, W. A. (2018). The role of spiritual leadership in reducing bullying behavior: A study on the industrial companies in Egypt. International Journal of Business and Management, 13(2), 167-186.
Niemiec, R. M. (2018). Character Strengths Interventions: A Field Guide for Practitioners. Boston: Hogrefe Publishing.
Niemiec, R. M. (2018). Character Strengths Interventions: A Field Guide for Practitioners. Boston: Hogrefe Publishing.
O’Connor, M. & Casey, L. (2015). The Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS): A new scale-based measure of mental health literacy. Psychiatry Research, 229(1-2), 511-516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2015.05.064.
Pargament, K. I. (2013). Spiritually Integrated Psychotherapy. New York: Guilford Press.
Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2009). Character strengths: Research and practice. Journal of College and Character, 10(4), 1–10.
Park, N., Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. (2006). Strengths of character and well-being. Journal of social and Clinical Psychology, 23(5), 603-619.
Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification. Oxford University Press.
Pramudia Trisnani, R., Wardani, S. Y., Program, ), Bimbingan, S., & Konseling, D. (2016). PERILAKU BULLYING DI SEKOLAH. 1(1).
Rahman. (2009). Perilaku Religiusitas dalam Kaitannya dengan Emosi Remaja. Jurnal Al–Qalam, Vol 15, no 23.
Rodriguez-Gonzalez, C. (2025). Effect of Spirituality on the Mental Health of Adults who Experienced Bullying in their Childhood.
Shaver N, Michaelson V, Pickett W. Do Spiritual Health Connections Protect Adolescents When They Are Bullied: A National Study of 12,593 Young Canadians. J Interpers Violence. 2022 Jul;37(13-14):NP11034-NP11065. doi: 10.1177/0886260521989853
Smith, T. B., McCullough, M. E., & Poll, J. (2019). Religiousness and Depression: Evidence from Psychological Research. Psychological Bulletin, 129(4), 614–636.
Turcotte Benedict, F., Vivier, P. M., & Gjelsvik, A. (2015). Mental health and bullying in the United States among children aged 6 to 17 years. Journal of interpersonal violence, 30(5), 782-795.
Wagner, L., Gander, F., Proyer, R. T., & Ruch, W. (2020). Character Strengths and Well-Being in Adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 219.
WHO. (2022). Mental health. World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health- strengthening-ourresponse
Wibowo, H., Fijriani, F., & Krisnanda, V. D. (2021). Fenomena perilaku bullying di sekolah. Orien: Cakrawala Ilmiah Mahasiswa, 1(2), 157–166. https://doi.org/10.30998/ocim.v1i2.5888
Yadav, M., & Yadav, R. (2018). Impact of spirituality/religiousness on cyber bullying and victimization in university students: Mediating effect of emotional intelligence. Journal of religion and health, 57(5), 1961-1979
Published
2026-03-31
Section
Articles
