Editorial Policies

This page sets out the editorial policies of AL-TIJARY: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam. These policies apply to all authors, reviewers, and editors. They follow the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and the recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE).

AL-TIJARY Editorial Policies:

1. Authorship Criteria

AL-TIJARY regards authorship as both an academic credit and a responsibility. Authorship must accurately reflect each individual's actual contribution to the work, and every listed author shares accountability for the published article.

1.1 Who Qualifies as an Author

A person may be listed as an author only if they meet all four of the following criteria:

  1. Substantial contribution to the conception or design of the study, or to the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data.
  2. Drafting the manuscript or critically revising it for important intellectual content.
  3. Final approval of the version to be published.
  4. Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work, including the accuracy and integrity of every part of it.

Meeting only one or two criteria does not qualify a person for authorship. The following activities are not sufficient on their own to justify authorship:

  • obtaining funding;
  • general supervision of a research group;
  • administrative support;
  • data collection without analytical input;
  • language editing.

1.2 Author Roles

All authors must meet the criteria in Section 1.1. The order of authors should be agreed jointly by all authors before submission. In general, the order should reflect the relative size of each person's contribution.

a. First Author
The first author is the person who made the greatest contribution to the research and the manuscript. This usually means leading the study design, data analysis, and drafting of the article.

b. Corresponding Author
The corresponding author is the one author designated to communicate with the journal on behalf of all authors. Any author may take this role, including the first author. The corresponding author should provide an active email address, preferably an institutional one. The corresponding author is responsible for:

  • submitting the manuscript and completing the submission metadata, including the names, affiliations, and email addresses of all authors;
  • ensuring that all qualified contributors are listed, and that no unqualified person is listed;
  • confirming that all co-authors have seen and approved the final manuscript and agreed to its submission;
  • communicating with the editorial office during submission, peer review, revision, and publication, and passing relevant information on to all co-authors;
  • coordinating responses to reviewers' comments and the submission of revised manuscripts;
  • handling post-publication correspondence, including questions, corrections, or concerns about the article.

c. Co-Authors
Co-authors are all listed authors other than the corresponding author. Each co-author shares responsibility for the published work and is expected to:

  • meet all four authorship criteria in Section 1.1;
  • review and approve the final version of the manuscript before submission and before publication;
  • respond promptly to requests from the corresponding author or the editor;
  • notify the corresponding author or the editor immediately if they become aware of any error, inaccuracy, or ethical concern in the work;
  • give written consent to any proposed change in authorship.

All authors are encouraged to provide an ORCID iD and their institutional affiliation in the submission metadata.

1.3 Acknowledgment of Non-Author Contributors

Individuals who contributed to the research but do not meet all authorship criteria should be named in the Acknowledgments section, together with a description of their contribution. Examples include research assistants, enumerators, technical or statistical advisors, institutional partners, and language editors. Authors must obtain permission from everyone they name.

1.4 Unacceptable Authorship Practices

AL-TIJARY does not accept the following practices:

  • Gift or honorary authorship: listing a person because of their position, seniority, or institutional relationship, without a real contribution.
  • Ghost authorship: omitting a person who made a substantial contribution to the work.
  • Guest authorship: adding a well-known name to increase the chance of acceptance.
  • Purchased or traded authorship: offering or obtaining authorship in exchange for payment or any other benefit.

These practices are considered a breach of publication ethics and will be handled under the procedure in Section 3.

1.5 Student–Supervisor Publications

For articles derived from theses or dissertations, the student is generally expected to be the first author. A supervisor may be listed as a co-author only if they meet all four criteria in Section 1.1. Supervision alone does not constitute authorship.

1.6 Changes to Authorship

The list and order of authors should be finalized before submission. Any request to add, remove, or reorder authors after submission must meet two conditions:

  1. The request must be submitted by the corresponding author to the editor, with a clear justification.
  2. The request must be accompanied by written consent from all authors, including any author being added or removed.

Changes will not be considered after the manuscript has been accepted for publication, except in exceptional circumstances approved by the Editor-in-Chief. Requests made after publication will be handled as a correction under Section 4.

1.7 Use of Artificial Intelligence

AI tools cannot be listed as authors, because they cannot take responsibility for the work. Authors who use AI tools must disclose this in accordance with the journal's Plagiarism Screening and AI Policy.

1.8 Authorship Disputes

AL-TIJARY expects authors to resolve authorship disagreements among themselves before submission. If a dispute arises during review or after publication, the editor will follow the relevant COPE flowcharts and may refer the matter to the authors' institutions. The journal does not judge the merits of authorship disputes. However, it may take one of the following actions until the matter is resolved:

  • suspend processing of the manuscript;
  • publish a correction;
  • publish an expression of concern.

2. Conflict of Interest

A conflict of interest exists when a financial, institutional, or personal relationship could influence, or be seen to influence, a person's judgment in the research, review, or publication process. Having a conflict of interest is not in itself wrong. Failing to disclose it is.

2.1 Authors

Authors must disclose in their manuscript any conflict of interest that could be seen to influence the results or interpretation of their work. Examples include:

  • research funding, grants, or sponsorship;
  • employment, consultancy, or advisory roles with an organization connected to the research;
  • share ownership or other financial interest in a company or institution studied;
  • personal or family relationships relevant to the research.

All sources of financial support for the research must be stated in the manuscript. If there is no conflict of interest, authors should state: "The authors declare no conflict of interest."

2.2 Reviewers

Reviewers must decline to review, or inform the editor, if they have a conflict of interest with the manuscript. This includes cases where they:

  • work at the same institution as any of the authors;
  • have recently collaborated or co-published with any of the authors;
  • have a personal relationship or rivalry with any of the authors;
  • have a financial interest in the outcome of the research.

Reviewers must not use information from a manuscript under review for their own advantage.

2.3 Editors

Editors must not handle manuscripts in which they have a conflict of interest. When a manuscript is submitted by a member of the editorial team, or by an author from the same institution as the handling editor, the following safeguards apply:

  • the manuscript is assigned to another editor who has no conflict of interest;
  • the editor with the conflict has no access to the review process and no role in the decision;
  • the manuscript goes through the same peer review process as any other submission.

Editors must not use unpublished information from a submitted manuscript in their own research without the written consent of the authors.

2.4 Undisclosed Conflicts

If an undisclosed conflict of interest comes to light after submission or publication, it will be handled under the procedure in Section 3. Depending on the case, the outcome may be a correction, an expression of concern, or a retraction.