Research Integrity and Corrections

This page is part of the editorial policies of AL-TIJARY: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam. See also: Editorial Policies (Sections 1–2) | Research Integrity and Corrections (Sections 3–5) | Journal Policies (Sections 6–12).

3. Allegations of Research Misconduct

AL-TIJARY takes all allegations of research and publication misconduct seriously. Allegations are handled in line with the COPE flowcharts, whether they concern submitted manuscripts or published articles.

3.1 Forms of Misconduct

Research and publication misconduct includes, but is not limited to:

  • Fabrication: making up data or results.
  • Falsification: manipulating data, methods, or results so that the research is not accurately represented.
  • Plagiarism: using another person's ideas, words, or data without proper citation, including self-plagiarism.
  • Duplicate or redundant publication: publishing the same research in more than one journal, or submitting a manuscript to several journals at the same time.
  • Authorship manipulation: gift, ghost, guest, or purchased authorship.
  • Citation manipulation: excessive self-citation or coercing others to cite specific works.
  • Undisclosed conflicts of interest.
  • Peer review manipulation: for example, suggesting fake reviewers.
  • Misuse of AI tools: for example, generating fictitious data or references, contrary to the journal's AI Policy.

3.2 How to Report

Anyone may report suspected misconduct by emailing the editorial office at jurnal.altijary@uinsi.ac.id. A report should include:

  • the title of the article or manuscript and, if published, its DOI;
  • a clear description of the concern;
  • any supporting evidence, such as links, documents, or data comparisons.

Reports may be submitted anonymously, provided they include enough evidence to be assessed. The identity of the person reporting will be kept confidential.

3.3 Handling Procedure

  1. Initial assessment. The Editor-in-Chief, or an editor appointed by them, reviews the allegation to decide whether there is enough evidence to proceed.
  2. Contacting the authors. If the concern appears valid, the editor contacts the corresponding author, explains the concern, and invites a response and supporting evidence within a set period, normally 30 days.
  3. Evaluation. The editor evaluates the authors' response. Where needed, the editor may consult reviewers, subject experts, or other members of the editorial board.
  4. Institutional referral. If the authors do not respond satisfactorily, or if the matter requires formal investigation, the journal may refer the case to the authors' institution or employer.
  5. Decision. Based on the findings, the journal takes the appropriate action.

Manuscripts under review may be put on hold while an allegation is being investigated.

3.4 Possible Outcomes

Depending on the nature and seriousness of the case, the journal may take one or more of the following actions:

  • dismiss the allegation if it is not supported by evidence;
  • request clarification or revision from the authors;
  • reject the manuscript, if it has not yet been published;
  • publish a correction, an expression of concern, or a retraction (see Section 4);
  • inform the authors' institution;
  • decline future submissions from the authors involved for a specified period.

4. Corrections and Retractions

AL-TIJARY is committed to keeping the scholarly record accurate. When errors or problems are found in a published article, the journal takes action in line with the COPE Retraction Guidelines. Corrections are not made silently: every change to a published article is recorded in a public notice.

4.1 Correction (Erratum / Corrigendum)

A correction is published when part of an article contains an error that does not affect its overall findings or conclusions. Examples include errors in an author's name or affiliation, a figure or table, or a reference.

  • An erratum corrects an error introduced by the journal during production.
  • A corrigendum corrects an error made by the authors.

The correction notice is published and linked to the original article. Where appropriate, a corrected version of the article is also published.

4.2 Retraction

An article may be retracted in the following cases:

  • there is clear evidence that its findings are unreliable, because of misconduct or serious error;
  • it contains plagiarism;
  • it has been published elsewhere without proper disclosure (duplicate publication);
  • it contains material or data used without authorization;
  • it involves serious ethical violations or an undisclosed conflict of interest that affects the findings;
  • it reports research based on manipulated peer review.

A retraction may be requested by the authors, or initiated by the editor after investigation. When an article is retracted:

  • a retraction notice is published, stating the reason for retraction and who requested it;
  • the original article remains available on the website, but is clearly marked "RETRACTED" on every page;
  • the article's DOI metadata is updated to show its retracted status.

An article is removed completely only in exceptional circumstances, for example where it is defamatory, infringes legal rights, or poses a serious risk to anyone's safety. In such cases, the metadata and a notice explaining the removal remain online.

4.3 Expression of Concern

The editor may publish an expression of concern when there are serious doubts about an article, but the evidence is not yet conclusive. This may happen, for example, while an institutional investigation is still under way. It may later be followed by a correction or a retraction, or withdrawn if the concern is resolved.

4.4 Requests from Authors

Authors who discover a significant error in their published article must notify the editor promptly at jurnal.altijary@uinsi.ac.id and cooperate in correcting or retracting it.

5. Post-Publication Discussion

AL-TIJARY welcomes scholarly discussion of articles after they are published. Readers who wish to comment on, question, or challenge a published article may send their comments to the editorial office at jurnal.altijary@uinsi.ac.id. The email should include:

  • the article title and DOI;
  • the commenter's name and affiliation;
  • the substance of the comment.

Comments are handled as follows:

  1. The editor reviews each comment for relevance and scholarly merit.
  2. Where appropriate, the comment is forwarded to the corresponding author, who is invited to respond.
  3. Comments that raise substantive scholarly issues may be published as a Letter to the Editor or a Commentary, together with the authors' reply.
  4. Comments that point to errors are handled under Section 4. Comments that point to possible misconduct are handled under Section 3.

Comments must be respectful and focus on the scholarly content of the article, not on the authors personally. Comments that are abusive, defamatory, or irrelevant will not be considered.