Legal Convergence: Bridging Classical Fiqh School with Contemporary Legal Theory

Nur Faidah; Feni Juwantri

doi:10.21093/bijis.v6i2.9218

Nur Faidah Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kendari
Feni Juwantri Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kendari

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21093/bijis.v6i2.9218

Keywords: legal convergence, classical fiqh schools, contemporary legal theory, Islamic legal reform

Abstract

In the era of rapid globalization and modernization, Islamic law faces the challenge of remaining relevant and responsive to current developments. The classical school of jurisprudence, which has been the basis of Islamic law for centuries, must now face complex contemporary issues. Contemporary legal theory offers a new approach that has the potential to integrate Islamic law with modern dynamics. This research explores the convergence between classical schools of jurisprudence and contemporary legal theory, highlighting the urgent need to unite these two legal traditions. Using an interdisciplinary approach, this research analyzes the main characteristics, challenges and opportunities in the legal integration process. This study also explores the flexibility of classical schools of jurisprudence in adopting modern legal concepts. It is hoped that the research results will provide a conceptual and practical framework for legal convergence, which can be applied in Islamic law reform in various contexts. This convergence is important in dealing with contemporary legal issues such as bioethics, cyber law, global financial regulation, and environmental challenges, paving the way for productive dialogue between Islamic legal traditions and modern legal systems.

Keywords: legal convergence, classical schools of jurisprudence, contemporary legal theory, Islamic legal reform, legal flexibility, legal integration, ijtihad, maslahah, bioethics, cyber law.

Di era globalisasi dan modernisasi yang cepat, hukum Islam menghadapi tantangan untuk tetap relevan dan responsif terhadap perkembangan zaman. Mazhab fikih klasik, yang menjadi dasar hukum Islam selama berabad-abad, kini harus menghadapi isu-isu kontemporer yang kompleks. Teori hukum kontemporer menawarkan pendekatan baru yang berpotensi mengintegrasikan hukum Islam dengan dinamika modern. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi konvergensi antara mazhab fikih klasik dan teori hukum kontemporer, menyoroti kebutuhan mendesak untuk menyatukan kedua tradisi hukum ini. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan interdisipliner, penelitian ini menganalisis karakteristik utama, tantangan, dan peluang dalam proses integrasi hukum. Studi ini juga mengeksplorasi fleksibilitas mazhab fikih klasik dalam mengadopsi konsep-konsep hukum modern. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat memberikan kerangka konseptual dan praktis untuk konvergensi legal, yang dapat diterapkan dalam reformasi hukum Islam di berbagai konteks. Konvergensi ini menjadi penting dalam menghadapi isu-isu hukum kontemporer seperti bioetika, hukum siber, regulasi keuangan global, dan tantangan lingkungan, membuka jalan bagi dialog produktif antara tradisi hukum Islam dan sistem hukum modern.

Kata Kunci: konvergensi legal, mazhab fikih klasik, teori hukum kontemporer, reformasi hukum Islam, fleksibilitas hukum, integrasi hukum, ijtihad, maslahah, bioetika, hukum siber.

References

Abou El Fadl, Khaled, Ahmad Atif Ahmad, and Said Fares Hassan. Routledge Handbook of Islamic Law. Routledge London, 2019.

An-Na’im, A A. Islam and the Secular State: Negotiating the Future of Shari`a. Harvard University Press, 2010.

Atawneh, Muhammad Al. “Authority-Holders ( Wulat Al - Umur ) in Contemporary Islamic Politics and Governance: The Case of Saudi Arabia.” Middle East Critique 26, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 123–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/19436149.2017.1313930.

Auda, Jasser. Maqasid Al-Shariah as Philosophy of Islamic Law. International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2008. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvkc67tg.

Baderin, Mashood A. International Human Rights and Islamic Law. Oxford Monographs in International Law. OUP Oxford, 2003.

Barlinti, Yeni Salma. “Harmonization of Islamic Law in National Legal System: A Comparative Study Between Indonesia Law and Malaysian Law.” Indonesia Law Review 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2011). https://doi.org/10.15742/ilrev.v1n1.95.

Calder, N, C Imber, and R Gleave. Islamic Jurisprudence in the Classical Era. Cambridge University Press, 2010.

Cotterrell, R. Law, Culture and Society: Legal Ideas in the Mirror of Social Theory. Law, Justice, and Power. Ashgate, 2006.

El-Gamal, M A. Islamic Finance: Law, Economics, and Practice. Cambridge University Press, 2006.

Emon, A M. Islamic Natural Law Theories. OUP Oxford, 2010.

Hallaq, W B. The Impossible State: Islam, Politics, and Modernity’s Moral Predicament. NONE. Columbia University Press, 2012.

Hefner, R W. Shari’a Politics: Islamic Law and Society in the Modern World. Indiana University Press, 2011.

Hirschl, R. Comparative Matters: The Renaissance of Comparative Constitutional Law. Oxford University Press, 2014.

Hosen, N. Research Handbook on Islamic Law and Society. Elgar Original Reference Series. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018.

Kamali, M H. Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence. Islamic Law and Jurisprudence Series. Islamic Texts Society, 2003.

Kamali, M H. Shari’ah Law: An Introduction. The Foundations of Islam. Oneworld Publications, 2008.

Kattan, V. From Coexistence to Conquest: International Law and the Origins of the Arab-Israeli Conflict 1891-1949. Pluto Press, 2009.

Menchik, J. Islam and Democracy in Indonesia: Tolerance without Liberalism. Cambridge Studies in Social Theory, Religion and Politics. Cambridge University Press, 2016.

Mir-Hosseini, Z. Islam and Gender: The Religious Debate in Contemporary Iran. Princeton Studies in Muslim Politics. Princeton University Press, 2021.

Moosa, E. What Is a Madrasa? Edinburgh University Press, 2015.

Opwis, F M M. Maṣlaḥah and the Purpose of the Law: Islamic Discourse on Legal Change from the 4th/10th to 8th/14th Century. Studies in Islamic Law and Society. Brill, 2010.

Padela, Aasim. “Methodological and Discursive Considerations for Islamic Bioethics Research and Writing.” TAFHIM: IKIM Journal of Islam and the Contemporary World 16, no. 1 (June 28, 2023): 1–34. https://doi.org/10.56389/tafhim.vol16no1.2.

Ramadan, T. Radical Reform: Islamic Ethics and Liberation. Oxford Scholarship Online. OUP USA, 2009.

Ringer, R M M. Islamic Modernism and the Re-Enchantment of the Sacred in the Age of History. Edinburgh University Press, 2020.

Singh, Prabhakar. “Lauren Benton and Lisa Ford. Rage for Order: The British Empire and the Origins of International Law, 1800–1850Andrew Fitzmaurice. Sovereignty, Property and Empire, 1500–2000.” European Journal of International Law 28, no. 3 (November 13, 2017): 975–86. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chx060.

Tamanaha, B Z. A Realistic Theory of Law. Cambridge University Press, 2017.

Twining, W. General Jurisprudence: Understanding Law from a Global Perspective. Law in Context. Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Yilmaz, I. Muslim Laws, Politics and Society in Modern Nation States: Dynamic Legal Pluralisms in England, Turkey and Pakistan. Taylor & Francis, 2016.