Ambivalensi dan Liminalitas Status Keabsahan Pembagian Waris dalam Islam bagi Transgender di Tengah Dominasi dan Hegemoni Norma Global Perspektif Homi Κ. Βhabha dan Talal Asad: Kritik atas Supremasi HAM di Indonesia
Abstract
Artikel ini mengkaji secara kritis status keabsahan pembagian waris dalam hukum Islam bagi individu transgender di Indonesia dalam konteks pengaruh norma hak asasi manusia (HAM) global. Fokus penelitian diarahkan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana posisi subjek transgender dikonstruksikan dalam sistem hukum waris Islam di dua negara tersebut, serta bagaimana interaksi antara norma keislaman dan kerangka HAM global membentuk konfigurasi hukum yang ada. Artikel penelitian ini menggunakan metode kepustakaan (library research) dengan pendekatan yuridis-doktrinal yang dipadukan dengan analisis sosio-legal. Sumber data meliputi literatur akademik bereputasi, peraturan hukum keluarga di Indonesia, serta kajian teoritik kontemporer. Analisis dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan konsep ambivalensi dan liminalitas dari Homi K. Bhabha untuk membaca posisi subjek hukum yang berada di antara pengakuan dan penolakan dalam sistem normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa negara menampilkan karakter ambivalen dalam mengatur hukum keluarga: di satu sisi menegaskan hukum Islam sebagai sumber normatif, namun di sisi lain mengadopsi prinsip-prinsip HAM global dalam kerangka hukum nasional. Dalam konteks ini, individu transgender berada dalam posisi liminal dalam hukum waris Islam, yakni tidak secara eksplisit diakui maupun sepenuhnya dikecualikan. Kondisi tersebut berimplikasi pada munculnya ketidakpastian hukum dan perluasan ruang diskresi yudisial yang kerap dipengaruhi oleh pertimbangan moral sosial dan tekanan normatif global. Secara konseptual, artikel ini berargumen bahwa dominasi kerangka HAM global turut membentuk cara pandang terhadap keadilan dalam hukum keluarga, yang berpotensi menggeser kerangka normatif internal hukum Islam, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan maqasid al-shariah, nasab, dan struktur keluarga. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menawarkan pendekatan reinterpretatif berbasis maqasid al-shariah yang kontekstual, dengan tetap mempertimbangkan dinamika sosial-keagamaan masyarakat Muslim, sebagai upaya memperkuat koherensi dan legitimasi hukum waris Islam dalam konteks kontemporer.
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