Objektifikasi Prinsip Keadilan Retributif dan Restoratif Islam dalam Formulasi Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan Pada KUHP Baru
Abstract
Artikel ini menganalisis kontribusi prinsip keadilan retributif dan restoratif dalam hukum pidana Islam terhadap formulasi tindak pidana pembunuhan dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) Baru Indonesia (UU No. 1 Tahun 2023). Hukum pidana Islam menawarkan model keadilan yang menyeimbangkan antara penghukuman dan pemulihan melalui konsep qisas, diyat, dan afw, yang menempatkan korban dan komunitas sebagai bagian penting dalam penyelesaian perkara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, serta analisis komparatif antara ketentuan KUHP Baru dan prinsip-prinsip fiqh jinayah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun KUHP Baru belum mengadopsi qisas secara formal, sejumlah ketentuannya terutama terkait proporsionalitas pemidanaan, pemaafan hakim, dan mekanisme keadilan restoratif merefleksikan nilai-nilai keadilan Islam secara substantif. Integrasi nilai tersebut berkontribusi dalam membangun sistem hukum pidana yang lebih humanis, kontekstual, dan berorientasi pada pemulihan sosial tanpa harus mengarah pada islamisasi hukum. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada analisis objektifikasi prinsip keadilan Islam sebagai sumber nilai dalam pembaruan hukum pidana nasional, khususnya dalam pengaturan tindak pidana pembunuhan.
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