Proses Kognitif Siswa dalam Ekosistem Sekolah: Analisis Microsystem Bronfenbrenner dan Taksonomi Bloom
Keywords:
Bloom's Taxonomy, Bronfenbrenner's microsystem, cognitive processes, school environment
Abstract
School environment quality is widely believed to influence students' cognitive development, yet studies integrating Bronfenbrenner's microsystem framework with Bloom's Taxonomy remain scarce. This study examined the correlation between school environment quality, operationalized through physical classroom conditions, teacher–student relations, peer relations, and learning climate, and students' cognitive processes across six Bloom's Taxonomy levels. A quantitative correlational survey design was applied to 173 female students from an integrated Islamic institution spanning junior and senior high school, selected through proportionate stratified random sampling. A 48-item Likert-scale instrument was analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression. Results showed a significant positive correlation between school environment and cognitive processes (r = .306, p < .001). The teacher–student relationship was correlated significantly with all six Bloom levels and was the only significant individual predictor in regression (β = .336, p = .001), with the model explaining 13.3% of variance. This study concludes that teacher–student relations emerged as the most consistently associated with microsystem component for students' cognitive processes across all Bloom's Taxonomy levels, showing stronger associations than physical conditions and classroom climate.
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Xanthidou, O. K., Aburumman, N., & Ben-Abdallah, H. (2024). The Impact of Collaborative Learning Virtual Environments on Student’s Performance. 2024 IEEE International Conference on Metrology for eXtended Reality, Artificial Intelligence and Neural Engineering (MetroXRAINE), 231–236. https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroXRAINE62247.2024.10797084
Yang, Y., Hu, L., Zhang, R., Zhu, X., & Wang, M. (2021). Investigation of students’ short-term memory performance and thermal sensation with heart rate variability under different environments in summer. Building and Environment, 195, 107765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107765
Zafeer, H. M. I., Maqbool, S., Rong, Y., & Maqbool, S. (2025). Beyond the Classroom: How Socioeconomic Status, Parental Involvement and Home Environment Impact on Students’ Science Academic Performance at Secondary Schools. European Journal of Education, 60(1), e70023. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.70023
Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing: A revision of Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives : complete edition. Addison Wesley Longman. https://eduq.info/xmlui/handle/11515/18824
Bastian, K. C., Lys, D. B., & Whisenant, W. R. L. (2023). Does Placement Predict Performance? Associations Between Student Teaching Environments and Candidates’ Performance Assessment Scores. Journal of Teacher Education, 74(1), 40–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/00224871221105814
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design. Harvard University Press.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1986). Ecology of the family as a context for human development: Research perspectives. Developmental Psychology, 22(6), 723–742. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.22.6.723
Caviola, S., Visentin, C., Borella, E., Mammarella, I., & Prodi, N. (2021). Out of the noise: Effects of sound environment on maths performance in middle-school students. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 73, 101552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2021.101552
El-Sabagh, H. A. (2021). Adaptive e-learning environment based on learning styles and its impact on development students’ engagement. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 18(1), 53. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-021-00289-4
Faimau, G., Tlhowe, K., & Tlhaolang, O. (2022). Smartphone Use, Experience of Learning Environment, and Academic Performance among University Students: A Descriptive Appraisal. Advances in Human-Computer Interaction, 2022(1), 2617596. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2617596
Field, A. (2024). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics. SAGE Publications Ltd. https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/discovering-statistics-using-ibm-spss-statistics/book285130
Gonsalves, C. (2026). Generative AI’s Impact on Critical Thinking: Revisiting Bloom’s Taxonomy. Journal of Marketing Education, 48(1), 4–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/02734753241305980
Gündoğdu, B., Nouri, A. S., Afacan, Y., & Matzarakis, A. (2023). Investigating the impacts of shaded outdoor spaces on thermal adaptation and cognitive performance of university students in classroom environments. International Journal of Biometeorology, 67(12), 1941–1955. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-023-02552-x
Guy-Evans, O. (2024). Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/bronfenbrenner.html
Hanaysha, J. R., Shriedeh, F. B., & In’airat, M. (2023). Impact of classroom environment, teacher competency, information and communication technology resources, and university facilities on student engagement and academic performance. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 3(2), 100188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2023.100188
Kassab, S. E., Rathan, R., Taylor, D. C. M., & Hamdy, H. (2024). The impact of the educational environment on student engagement and academic performance in health professions education. BMC Medical Education, 24(1), 1278. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-06270-9
Krathwohl, D. R. (2002). A Revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy: An Overview. Theory Into Practice, 41(4), 212–218. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip4104_2
Kuan, F. C. Y., & Lee, S. W. (2022). Effects of self-efficacy and learning environment on Hong Kong undergraduate students’ academic performance in online learning. Public Administration and Policy, 25(3), 250–263. https://doi.org/10.1108/PAP-08-2022-0100
Kurniawan, R., Bakti, I. K., Firmansyah, M., Bahri, R., Kholis, N., & Kusaeri. (2025). Islamic emotional-cognitive integration: How Islamic education shapes students’ cognitive processes and outcomes through expressive writing. British Journal of Religious Education, 0(0), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2025.2523385
Luque, J. J. R. de. (2024). Asociaciones entre el alto desempeño académico y el clima escolar en Bogotá: ¿hay diferencias debido al nivel socioeconómico del estudiantado? magis, Revista Internacional de Investigación en Educación, 17, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.m17.aada
Miao, J., Chang, J., & Ma, L. (2022). Teacher–Student Interaction, Student–Student Interaction and Social Presence: Their Impacts on Learning Engagement in Online Learning Environments. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 183(6), 514–526. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2022.2094211
Quiles-Rodríguez, J., & Palau, R. (2024). New Evidence on the Influence of Coloured Lighting on Students’ Cognitive Processes. Electronics, 13(15), 3005. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13153005
Ruiz-Jiménez, M. C., Licerán-Gutiérrez, A., & Martínez-Jiménez, R. (2024). Why do student perceptions of academic performance improve? The influence of acquired competences and formative assessment in a flipped classroom environment. Active Learning in Higher Education, 25(3), 375–390. https://doi.org/10.1177/14697874221133459
Streiner, D. L. (2003). Starting at the Beginning: An Introduction to Coefficient Alpha and Internal Consistency. Journal of Personality Assessment, 80(1), 99–103. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327752JPA8001_18
Sun, J. C.-Y., Ye, S.-L., Yu, S.-J., & Chiu, T. K. F. (2022). Effects of Wearable Hybrid AR/VR Learning Material on High School Students’ Situational Interest, Engagement, and Learning Performance: The Case of a Physics Laboratory Learning Environment. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 32(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-022-10001-4
Thornberg, R., Forsberg, C., Hammar Chiriac, E., & Bjereld, Y. (2022). Teacher–Student Relationship Quality and Student Engagement: A Sequential Explanatory Mixed-Methods Study. Research Papers in Education, 37(6), 840–859. https://doi.org/10.1080/02671522.2020.1864772
Tiwari, R., Kumar, G., & Gunjan, V. K. (2023, August 16). Effect of Environment on Students Performance Through Orange Tool of Data Mining. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2058-7_26
Wahid, M. H., Sethi, M. R., Shaheen, N., Javed, K., Qazi, I. A., Osama, M., Ilah, A., & Firdos, T. (2023). Effect of academic stress, educational environment on academic performance & quality of life of medical & dental students; gauging the understanding of health care professionals on factors affecting stress: A mixed method study. PLoS ONE, 18(11). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290839
Wang, W., Han, L., Lu, Q., Lv, X., Liu, Y., & Wang, D. (2024). Research on the impact of the socio-educational environment on the academic performance of college students: The mediating role of study motivation. Front. Psychol., 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1289064
Xanthidou, O. K., Aburumman, N., & Ben-Abdallah, H. (2024). The Impact of Collaborative Learning Virtual Environments on Student’s Performance. 2024 IEEE International Conference on Metrology for eXtended Reality, Artificial Intelligence and Neural Engineering (MetroXRAINE), 231–236. https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroXRAINE62247.2024.10797084
Yang, Y., Hu, L., Zhang, R., Zhu, X., & Wang, M. (2021). Investigation of students’ short-term memory performance and thermal sensation with heart rate variability under different environments in summer. Building and Environment, 195, 107765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107765
Zafeer, H. M. I., Maqbool, S., Rong, Y., & Maqbool, S. (2025). Beyond the Classroom: How Socioeconomic Status, Parental Involvement and Home Environment Impact on Students’ Science Academic Performance at Secondary Schools. European Journal of Education, 60(1), e70023. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.70023
Published
2026-05-31
How to Cite
Fahim, A., Karisma, I., Kholiq, A., & Abdurrahman, A. (2026). Proses Kognitif Siswa dalam Ekosistem Sekolah: Analisis Microsystem Bronfenbrenner dan Taksonomi Bloom. Borneo Journal of Islamic Education, 6(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.21093/bjie.v6i1.13330
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Articles
