The Effect of Transcribing on Elementary Iranian EFL Learners’ Listening Comprehension
Keywords:
Elementary EFL learners, Input enhancement, Listening comprehension, Teaching listening, Transcribing
Abstract
This study is motivated by the gap existing between theory and practice in teaching listening. Most of the techniques used to teach listening put more emphasis on top-down processing while listeners’ problems are more of perceptive ones (bottom-up). In order to address the pervasive decoding problem in listening, this study suggests using transcribing exercise as an input enhancement device and investigates its effect on beginning learners’ listening ability. To this end, 31 learners participated in the study. The control group did not have any transcribing practice while the experimental group received transcribing exercise. In the data analysis step, an independent samples t test was employed to compare the two groups. The results show that transcribing has a significant positive effect on beginning learners’ listening comprehension. The findings of the study as well as advantages of transcribing exercise are discussed. Implications of the study and scope for future research are also addressed.
References
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Anderson, A. & Lynch, T. (1988). Listening. New York: Oxford University Press.
Brown, G. (1986). Investigating listening comprehension in context. Applied Linguistics, 7(3), 284-302.
Brown, G. (1990). Teaching the spoken language. (2nd ed.). London: Longman.
Celce-Murcia, M. (1991). Teaching English (2nd ed.). New York: Newbury House.
Chastain, K. (1988). Developing second-language skills (3rd ed.). San Diego, CA: Harcourt College.
Field, J. (1999). “Bottom-up” and “top-down”. ELT Journal 53(4), 338–9.
Field, J. (2000). ‘“Not waving but drowning”: A reply to Tony Ridgway’. ELT Journal, 54(2), 186–95.
Field, J. (2008). Listening in the language classroom. UK: Cambridge University Press.
Flowerdew, J. (1994). Academic Listening. - Research Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gilman, R. A. & Moody, R. L. M. (1984). What practitioners say about listening: Research implications for the classroom. Foreign Language Annals, 17(4), 331-334.
Goh, C. C. M. (2000). A cognitive perspective on language learners' listening comprehension problems. System 28, 55-75.
Kiany, G. R., & Shiramiri, E. (2002). The effect of frequent dictation on the listening comprehension ability of elementary EFL learners. TESL Canada Journal, 20(1), 57-63.
Koster, C. J. (1987). Word Recognition in Foreign and Native Language: Effects of Context and Assimilation. Foris Publications, Dordrecht.
Lindfield, K., Wingfield, C. A., & Goodglass, H. (1999). The contribution of prosody to spoken word recognition. Applied Psycholinguistics 20(3), 395–405.
Lundsteen, S. W., (1979). Listening; Its Impact on All Levels on Reading and the Other Language Arts. National Council of Teachers of English, U. L., & ERIC Clearinghouse on Reading and Communication Skills, U. L. Urbana, IL.
Mayberry, M. S., (2006). Listening comprehension in the foreign language classroom: The cognitive receptive processes in the development of Spanish phonological perception (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). The University of Texas, Austin.
Morley, J. (1990). Trends and developments in listening comprehension: theory and practice. In Alatis, J. (Ed.), Georgetown University Round Table on Language and Linguistics. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
Morley, J. (1995). Academic listening comprehension instruction: models, principles, and practice. In Mendelsohn, D. & Rubin, J. (eds.), A guide for the teaching of second language listening, pp 167: 185. San Diego: Dominie Press.
Morley, J. (1995). Academic listening comprehension instruction: models, principles, and practice. In Mendelsohn, D. & Rubin, J. (eds.), A guide for the teaching of second language listening, pp 167: 185. San Diego: Dominie Press.
Morley, J. (2001).Aural comprehension instruction: Principles and practices. In Marianne Celce-Murcia (Ed.), Teaching English as a second or foreign language (pp. 69-85) Boston: Heinle and Heinle.
Nunan, D. & Miller, L. (1996). New ways in teaching listening. Alexandria, VA: TESOL.
Nunan, D. (1999). Second language teaching and learning. Boston: Heinle and Heinle.
Oxford, R. (1990). Language learning strategies: What every teacher should know. Boston: Heinle & Heinle.
Oxford, R. (1993). Research update on teaching L2 listening. System, 21, 205-211.
Randall, M. (2007). Memory, Psychology and Second Language Learning. John Benjamin’s Publishing Company: Amsterdam / Philadelphia.
Rezaei, A., & Hashim, F. (2013). Impact of Awareness Raising about Listening Micro-skills on the Listening Comprehension Enhancement: An Exploration of the Listening Micro-skills in EFL Classes. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 38(8), 1-15.
Richards, J. C. (2010). Tactics for listening, basic. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Rixon, S. (1986). Developing listening skills. In R. H. Flavell and M. Vincent (Eds.). London: Macmillan.
Rost, M. (1990). Listening in Language Learning. London: Longman.
Rost, M. (1991). Listening in action. New York: Prentice-Hall.
Rost, M. (1994). Introducing listening. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Rost, M. (2001). Teaching and researching listening. London: Longman.
Rost, M. (2002). Applied linguistics in action: Teaching and researching listening. Harlow: Longman.
Saslow, J., & Ascher, A. (2012). Top Notch Fundamentals second edition. New York: Pearson Education.
Schmidt, R. (1995). Consciousness and foreign language learning: A tutorial on the role of attention and awareness in learning. In R. Schmidt (Ed.), Attention and awareness in foreign language learning (Technical report#9). 1-63. Honolulu, Hawai’i: University of Hawai’i, Second Language Teaching and Curriculum Center.
Anderson, A. & Lynch, T. (1988). Listening. New York: Oxford University Press.
Brown, G. (1986). Investigating listening comprehension in context. Applied Linguistics, 7(3), 284-302.
Brown, G. (1990). Teaching the spoken language. (2nd ed.). London: Longman.
Celce-Murcia, M. (1991). Teaching English (2nd ed.). New York: Newbury House.
Chastain, K. (1988). Developing second-language skills (3rd ed.). San Diego, CA: Harcourt College.
Field, J. (1999). “Bottom-up” and “top-down”. ELT Journal 53(4), 338–9.
Field, J. (2000). ‘“Not waving but drowning”: A reply to Tony Ridgway’. ELT Journal, 54(2), 186–95.
Field, J. (2008). Listening in the language classroom. UK: Cambridge University Press.
Flowerdew, J. (1994). Academic Listening. - Research Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gilman, R. A. & Moody, R. L. M. (1984). What practitioners say about listening: Research implications for the classroom. Foreign Language Annals, 17(4), 331-334.
Goh, C. C. M. (2000). A cognitive perspective on language learners' listening comprehension problems. System 28, 55-75.
Kiany, G. R., & Shiramiri, E. (2002). The effect of frequent dictation on the listening comprehension ability of elementary EFL learners. TESL Canada Journal, 20(1), 57-63.
Koster, C. J. (1987). Word Recognition in Foreign and Native Language: Effects of Context and Assimilation. Foris Publications, Dordrecht.
Lindfield, K., Wingfield, C. A., & Goodglass, H. (1999). The contribution of prosody to spoken word recognition. Applied Psycholinguistics 20(3), 395–405.
Lundsteen, S. W., (1979). Listening; Its Impact on All Levels on Reading and the Other Language Arts. National Council of Teachers of English, U. L., & ERIC Clearinghouse on Reading and Communication Skills, U. L. Urbana, IL.
Mayberry, M. S., (2006). Listening comprehension in the foreign language classroom: The cognitive receptive processes in the development of Spanish phonological perception (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). The University of Texas, Austin.
Morley, J. (1990). Trends and developments in listening comprehension: theory and practice. In Alatis, J. (Ed.), Georgetown University Round Table on Language and Linguistics. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
Morley, J. (1995). Academic listening comprehension instruction: models, principles, and practice. In Mendelsohn, D. & Rubin, J. (eds.), A guide for the teaching of second language listening, pp 167: 185. San Diego: Dominie Press.
Morley, J. (1995). Academic listening comprehension instruction: models, principles, and practice. In Mendelsohn, D. & Rubin, J. (eds.), A guide for the teaching of second language listening, pp 167: 185. San Diego: Dominie Press.
Morley, J. (2001).Aural comprehension instruction: Principles and practices. In Marianne Celce-Murcia (Ed.), Teaching English as a second or foreign language (pp. 69-85) Boston: Heinle and Heinle.
Nunan, D. & Miller, L. (1996). New ways in teaching listening. Alexandria, VA: TESOL.
Nunan, D. (1999). Second language teaching and learning. Boston: Heinle and Heinle.
Oxford, R. (1990). Language learning strategies: What every teacher should know. Boston: Heinle & Heinle.
Oxford, R. (1993). Research update on teaching L2 listening. System, 21, 205-211.
Randall, M. (2007). Memory, Psychology and Second Language Learning. John Benjamin’s Publishing Company: Amsterdam / Philadelphia.
Rezaei, A., & Hashim, F. (2013). Impact of Awareness Raising about Listening Micro-skills on the Listening Comprehension Enhancement: An Exploration of the Listening Micro-skills in EFL Classes. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 38(8), 1-15.
Richards, J. C. (2010). Tactics for listening, basic. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Rixon, S. (1986). Developing listening skills. In R. H. Flavell and M. Vincent (Eds.). London: Macmillan.
Rost, M. (1990). Listening in Language Learning. London: Longman.
Rost, M. (1991). Listening in action. New York: Prentice-Hall.
Rost, M. (1994). Introducing listening. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Rost, M. (2001). Teaching and researching listening. London: Longman.
Rost, M. (2002). Applied linguistics in action: Teaching and researching listening. Harlow: Longman.
Saslow, J., & Ascher, A. (2012). Top Notch Fundamentals second edition. New York: Pearson Education.
Schmidt, R. (1995). Consciousness and foreign language learning: A tutorial on the role of attention and awareness in learning. In R. Schmidt (Ed.), Attention and awareness in foreign language learning (Technical report#9). 1-63. Honolulu, Hawai’i: University of Hawai’i, Second Language Teaching and Curriculum Center.
Published
2015-12-10
How to Cite
Afsharrad, M., & Nafchi, A. (2015). The Effect of Transcribing on Elementary Iranian EFL Learners’ Listening Comprehension. Dinamika Ilmu, 15(2), 201-213. https://doi.org/10.21093/di.v15i2.215
Section
Articles
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