The Influence of Digital Leadership Toward Digital Transformation of Education
Abstract
Digital leadership faces challenges in transformation, including inadequate internet access, limited funding, and low teacher digital competence. Moreover, institutions struggle to maintain learning quality and safeguard digital privacy. Organizational culture remains unprepared for digitalization, with insufficient strategies to adapt to change. These issues create anxiety among principals and teachers in integrating technology, while a lack of understanding of digital leadership within institutions hinders innovation and performance improvement. This study aimed to analyze the effect of digital leadership on educational digital transformation using a quantitative approach. The population consisted of all school principals and teachers at Madrasah Aliyah in Samarinda, totaling 120 individuals. The sampling technique employed the Harry King Nomogram table with a 5% margin of error, resulting in a sample size of 92 participants. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using linear correlation and t-tests. The results showed that digital leadership significantly impacts digital transformation, enhancing infrastructure, training, digital content, student engagement, creativity, and performance measurement. Digital transformation in education is achieved through integrating technology into learning processes and improving school management efficiency. This underscores the critical role of digital leadership in addressing technological challenges and fostering innovation in educational institutions.
References
Abdurrahman, A., Idie, D., Songbes, A. M. H., Arrang, R., Wahyudi, M., & Manuhut, M. A. (2024). Peran Teknologi dalam Transformasi Pendidikan: Perspektif dari Studi Kepustakaan. Journal on Education, 6(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.31004/joe.v6i2.4932
Aboobaker, N., & KA, Z. (2021). Digital learning orientation and innovative behavior in the higher education sector: Effects of organizational learning culture and readiness for change. International Journal of Educational Management, 35(5), 1030–1047. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-09-2019-0345
Adeyemo, K. S. (2023). The Status of Digital Innovation and Data Security in South African Higher Education. South African Journal of Higher Education, 37(2), 26–39. https://doi.org/10.20853/37-2-5001
Akour, M., & Alenezi, M. (2022). Higher Education Future in the Era of Digital Transformation. Education Sciences, 12(11), Article 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12110784
AlNuaimi, B., Singh, S., Ren, S., Budhwar, P., & ... (2022). Mastering digital transformation: The nexus between leadership, agility, and digital strategy. Journal of Business …, Query date: 2023-04-30 06:06:19. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0148296322002727
Antón-Sancho, Á., Vergara, D., Lamas-Álvarez, V. E., & Fernández-Arias, P. (2021). Digital Content Creation Tools: American University Teachers’ Perception. Applied Sciences, 11(24), Article 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112411649
Bounfour, A., Housel, T., Silkey, T., & Nonnis, A. (2023). Digital transformation and strategic agility during the COVID-19 crisis: The role of the intangible capital conversion. Digital Transformation and Society, 2(3), 257–275. https://doi.org/10.1108/DTS-09-2022-0048
Brunetti, F., Matt, D. T., Bonfanti, A., De, L. A., Pedrini, G., & Orzes, G. (2020). Digital transformation challenges: Strategies emerging from a multi-stakeholder approach. The TQM Journal, 32(4), 697–724. https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-12-2019-0309
Chen, Y. (2023). How do religious and political beliefs predict COVID-19 vaccination behavior among US college students? A study using the health belief model. American Journal of Health Promotion, Query date: 2024-06-09 20:54:10. https://doi.org/10.1177/08901171231160666
Chwen-Li, C., Arisanti, I., Octoyuda, E., & Insan, I. (2022a). E-Leadership Analysis during Pandemic Outbreak to Enhanced Learning in Higher Education. TEM Journal, Query date: 2023-04-30 06:13:04. https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1046603
Dzerve, B., Spilbergs, A., Innuse, G., Ozolina, S., Stonane, A., & Maditinos, D. (2023). A Shift in Paradigm: The Financial Education Under the Influence of Digital Transformation. In S. Grima, E. Thalassinos, M. Cristea, M. Kadłubek, D. Maditinos, & L. Peiseniece (Eds.), Digital Transformation, Strategic Resilience, Cyber Security and Risk Management (Vol. 111A, pp. 61–82). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1569-37592023000111A005.
Ehlers, U.-D. (2020). Digital leadership in higher education. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Leadership Studies, 1(3), 6–14.
Fernandez-Vidal, J., Antonio Perotti, F., Gonzalez, R., & Gasco, J. (2022). Managing digital transformation: The view from the top ----. Journal of Business Research, 152, 29–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.07.020
Gapsalamov, A. R., Akhmetshin, E. M., Sharipov, R. R., Vasilev, V. L., & Bochkareva, T. N. (2020). Approaches to Information Security in Educational Processes in the Context of Digitalization. TEM Journal, 708–715. https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM92-38
Gertzen, W. M., van, der L. E., & Steyn, H. (2022). Goals and benefits of digital transformation projects: Insights into project selection criteria. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 25(1), 4158. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v25i1.4158
Gilli, K., Nippa, M., & Knappstein, M. (2023). Leadership competencies for digital transformation: An exploratory content analysis of job advertisements. German Journal of Human Resource Management: Zeitschrift Für Personalforschung, 37(1), 50–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/23970022221087252
Hanandeh, A., Altaher, A. M., Halim, M., Rezk, W., Mahfoudh, N., Hammouri, Q., & Darawsheh, S. R. (2023). The effects of digital transformation, digital leadership, and entrepreneurial motivation on business decision making and business process performance: Evidence from greater Amman municipality. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 7(2), 575–582. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2023.3.014
Harish, V., Mansurali, A., & Krishnaveni, D. (2023). Digital Transformation for Business: Enablers, Framework and Challenges. In A. Saini & V. Garg (Eds.), Transformation for Sustainable Business and Management Practices: Exploring the Spectrum of Industry 5.0 (pp. 203–218). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80262-277-520231015
Hizir, Z. (2022). Digital transformation: “Jobocolypse” or empowerment? Strategic HR Review, 21(1), 6–9. https://doi.org/10.1108/SHR-10-2021-0047
Huda, M. (2023). Between accessibility and adaptability of digital platform: Investigating learners’ perspectives on digital learning infrastructure. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-03-2022-0069
Huong, P. T., & Duc, N. L. (2023). The Perceptions of Prospective Digital Transformation Adopters: An Extended Diffusion of Innovations Theory. TEM Journal, 459–469. https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM121-56
Javed, F. (2023). Transformative Learning Strategies for Successful Teaching and Learning in the Transforming Higher Education. In M. D. Lytras (Ed.), Active and Transformative Learning in STEAM Disciplines (pp. 125–152). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83753-618-420231007.
Jogezai, N. A., Ismail, S. A. M. M., & Baloch, F. A. (2022). Head teachers’ change facilitation styles and teachers’ concerns about ICT integration. Management in Education, 36(2), 82–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892020620932365
Kahai, S., Avolio, B. J., & Sosik, J. J. (2017). E-Leadership. In The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of the Internet at Work (pp. 285–314). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119256151.ch14
Kashif, M., & Ali, M. (2019). E-Leadership: Secondary school heads and contemporary needs. International Journal of Distance Education …, Query date: 2023-04-30 06:13:04. http://irigs.iiu.edu.pk:64447/ojs/index.php/IJDEEL/article/view/575
Kokot, K., Đunđek Kokotec, I., & Klačmer Čalopa, M. (2023). Digital Leadership and Maturity as a Key to Successful Digital Transformation: Country Case Study of Croatia. TEM Journal, 192–199. https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM121-25
Kousar, N., Kanwal, W., Mehmood, K., Bibi, S., & ... (2022). Effect of E-Leadership Practices on the Performance of Teachers. Journal of Management …, Query date: 2023-04-29 19:49:49. http://www.global-jws.com/ojs/index.php/global-jws/article/view/135.
Kashive, N, V. Khanna, and L. Powale, “Virtual team performance: E-leadership roles in the era of COVID-19,” J. Manag. …, no. Query date: 2023-04-29 19:49:49, 2022, doi: 10.1108/JMD-05-2021-0151.
Kraus, S., Jones, P., Kailer, N., Weinmann, A., Chaparro-Banegas, N., & Roig-Tierno, N. (2021). Digital Transformation: An Overview of the Current State of the Art of Research. SAGE Open, 11(3), 21582440211047576. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211047576
Liu, C., Ready, D., Roman, A., Wart, M. V., & ... (2018). E-leadership: An empirical study of organizational leaders’ virtual communication adoption. … Development Journal, Query date: 2023-04-29 19:49:49. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-10-2017-0297
Liu, M., Gorgievski, M. J., Qi, J., & Paas, F. (2022). Increasing teaching effectiveness in entrepreneurship education: Course characteristics and student needs differences. Learning and Individual Differences, 96, 102147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2022.102147
Lorentzen, A.-C. R. (2022). Digital transformation as distributed leadership: Firing the change agent. Procedia Computer Science, 196, 245–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.12.011
Lukita, C., Christina, S., Pranata, S., & Supriyadi, A. (2022). Peningkatan kapasitas mahasiswa dalam menghadapi peluang dan tantangan di era transformasi digital society 5.0. Jurnal Abdi Insani, 9(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.29303/abdiinsani.v9i3.685
Mutohhari, F., Nur, H. R., Nurtanto, M., Nurhaji, S., & Fawaid, M. (2022). Analisis kebutuhan diklat teknologi digital guru SMK otomotif menggunakan linear reggresion. Vocational Education National Seminar (VENS), 1(1).
Niță, V., & Guțu, I, (2023). The Role of Leadership and Digital Transformation in Higher Education Students’ Work Engagement. International Journal of Environmental Research and …, Query date: 2023-04-30 06:13:04. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/6/5124
Nurabadi, A., Suhariadi, F., Mardiyanta, A., Triwiyanto, T., & Adha, M. A. (2022). Digital principal instructional leadership in new normal era. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 11(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v11i3.22483
Olanipekun, A. O., & Sutrisna, M. (2021). Facilitating Digital Transformation in Construction—A Systematic Review of the Current State of the Art. Frontiers in Built Environment, 7, 660758. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2021.660758
Oliveri, L. M., Chiacchio, F., D’Urso, D., Munnia, A., & Russo, F. (2023). Successful digital transformations enabled by technologies or by open mind? Italian case studies. Procedia Computer Science, 217, 1066–1075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.12.305
Philip, J., & Aguilar, M. G. (2022). Student perceptions of leadership skills necessary for digital transformation. Journal of Education for Business, Query date: 2023-04-29 19:49:49. https://doi.org/10.1080/08832323.2021.1890540
Raza, K., & Palle, S. M. (2023). Digital Leadership Capabilities for successful Digital Transformation- Cultural perspective: How do digital leaders' experiences and perspectives on the capabilities needed for successful digital transformation in tech firms differ across different cultural contexts? https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-61752
Reuter, A., Scharf, T., & Smeddinck, J. (2021). Content Creation in Later Life: Reconsidering Older Adults’ Digital Participation and Inclusion. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 4(CSCW3), 257:1-257:23. https://doi.org/10.1145/3434166
Ridwan & Sunarto. (2009). Pengantar Statistika Pendidikan, Sosial, Ekonomi, Komunikasi dan Bisnis (2009th ed.). ALFABETA.
Salim, E., Zefriyenni, Z., & Wahana, S. (2020). Pengaruh promosi, komunikasi dan kepercayaan terhadap pengambilan keputusan dalam menjalankan e-commerce networking bussiness di kota padang (study kasus mahasiswa fakultas ekonomi dan bisnis jurusan manajemen universitas putra indonesia yptk padang. Jurnal Ekobistek, 9(1).
Saputra, N., & Nugroho, R. (2021). Pengaruh Digital Leadership dan Digital Collaboration terhadap Digital Skill Semasa COVID-19. Aksara: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Nonformal, 7(3), 977. https://doi.org/10.37905/aksara.7.3.977-986.2021
Schaft, A. H. T. V. D., Lub, X. D., Heijden, B. V. D., & Solinger, O. N. (2022). How Employees Experience Digital Transformation: A Dynamic And Multi-Layered Sensemaking Perspective. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 109634802211230. https://doi.org/10.1177/10963480221123098
Sheninger, E., Digital leadership: Changing paradigms for changing times, Second edition. California: Corwin Press, 2019. Accessed: Oct. 17, 2023
Sreenivasan, A., & Suresh, M. (2023). Digital transformation in start-ups: A bibliometric analysis. Digital Transformation and Society, 2(3), 276–292. https://doi.org/10.1108/DTS-12-2022-0072
Sugiono. (2013). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan Pendekatan Kuantitatiff, Kualitatif dan R & D (2012th ed., Vol. 2012, pp. 117–259). ALFABETA.
Sujarweni, (2015). SPSS untuk Penelitian (2015th ed.). Pusaka Baru Press.
Sulaiman, J., & Ismail, S. N. (2020). Teacher competence and 21st century skills in transformation schools 2025 (TS25). Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(8), 3536–3544.
Susilawati, S., & Windijanto. (2021). Transforming the digital leadership to improve public service performance in the COVID-19 outbreak. Economic Annals-XXI. http://ea21journal.world/index.php/ea-v188-04/
Syam, R., Ras, A., & Habibie, A. Y. (2023). Kesiapan dan kendala transformasi birokrasi digital di pedesaan: Readiness and obstacles of digital bureaucracy transformation in rural areas. Jurnal Sosiologi Nusantara, 9(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.33369/jsn.9.1.1-18
Tang, G., Chen, Y., Knippenberg, D. van, & ... (2020). Antecedents and consequences of empowering leadership: Leader power distance, leader perception of team capability, and team innovation. Journal of …, Query date: 2023-01-14 19:50:06. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2449
Taufikurrahman, T. (2021). Kepemimpinan kepala sekolah di era digital. Proceeding: Islamic University of Kalimantan, 0, Article 0. https://doi.org/10.31602/.v0i0.4713
Thi, H. P., Tran, Q. N., La, L. G., Doan, H. M., & Vu, T. D. (2022). Factors motivating students’ intention to accept online learning in emerging countries: The case study of Vietnam. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 15(2), 324–341. https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-05-2021-0191.
Tican, C., & Deniz, S, (2019). Pre-service teachers’ opinions about the use of 21st century learner and 21st century teacher skills. European Journal of Educational Research, 8(1), 181–197.
Tulungen, E. E. W., Saerang, D. P. E., & Maramis, J. B. (2022). Transformasi digital: Peran kepemimpinan digital. Jurnal EMBA : Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis dan Akuntansi, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.35794/emba.v10i2.41399.
Wahana, K. (2009). Panduan Praktis SPSS 2017 untuk Pengolahan Data Statistik (2009th ed.). Andi Offset.
Wahyuni, I. (2022). Transformasi Digital Melalui Teknologi Informasi: Adaptasi Peran Guru Perempuan Sekolah Dasar Pada Masa Pandemi. SITTAH: Journal of Primary Education, 3(2), 133–144. https://jurnalfaktarbiyah.iainkediri.ac.id/index.php/sittah/article/view/566
Weber, E., Krehl, E.-H., & Büttgen, M. (2022). The Digital Transformation Leadership Framework: Conceptual and Empirical Insights into Leadership Roles in Technology-Driven Business Environments. Journal of Leadership Studies, 16(1), 6–22. https://doi.org/10.1002/jls.21810
Wu, W.-C. V., Manabe, K., Marek, M. W., & Shu, Y. (2023). Enhancing 21st-century competencies via virtual reality digital content creation. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 55(3), 388–410. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2021.1962455
Wujarso, R., Pitoyo, B. S., & Prakoso, R. (2023). Peran Kepemimpinan Digital Dalam Era Digital. JISAMAR (Journal of Information System, Applied, Management, Accounting and Research), 7(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.52362/jisamar.v7i1.720
Yao, Q., Tang, H., Liu, Y., & Boadu, F. (2023). The penetration effect of digital leadership on digital transformation: The role of digital strategy consensus and diversity types. Journal of Enterprise Information Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-09-2022-0350
Yilmaz, R., Yilmaz, F. K., & Keser, H. (2020). Vertical versus shared e-leadership approach in online project-based learning: A comparison of self-regulated learning skills, motivation and group collaboration …. Journal of Computing in Higher …, Query date: 2023-04-29 19:49:49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-020-09250-2
Yuting, Z., Adams, D., & Lee, K. C. S. (2022). A systematic review of E-leadership and its effects on student learning in higher education. Management in Education, 08920206221111668.
Zamroni, Z., Baharun, H., Wahid, A. H., Muali, C., & Fitriyah Sumarhum, S. M. (2023). The Effect of Total Quality Service with E-Bekal on Customer Satisfaction. TEM Journal, 351–356. https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM121-44
Zhang, C., Chen, P., & Hao, Y. (2022). The impact of digital transformation on corporate sustainability- new evidence from Chinese listed companies. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10, 1047418. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.1047418
Zhu, J., Zhang, B., Xie, M., & Cao, Q. (2022). Digital Leadership and Employee Creativity: The Role of Employee Job Crafting and Person-Organization Fit. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 827057. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.827057
Zulu, S. L., Saad, A., Ajayi, S., & Unuigbe, M. (2023). Determinants of an effective digital transformation in construction organisations: A qualitative investigation. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 13(6), 896–912. https://doi.org/10.1108/BEPAM-02-2023-0045.