Management Techniques for Organizational Rumor and Gossip in Schools
Keywords:
rumor, gossip, informal communication, teacher, school
Abstract
This research aims to determine the techniques for effective management of organizational rumor and gossip in schools. Rumors are informal conversations circulating among the employees of the organization towards an event. Gossips are informal evaluative speech about people who are not present there. Rumors and gossips are common informal conversations, which should be managed by school administration. In this term, this research investigates the ways of managing them. The study is a phenomenological qualitative research carried out by conducting semi-structured interviews with 33 teachers in Diyarbakır, Turkey. The data were analyzed by using content analysis technique and some themes and categories were created. According to the research results, school administration should organize some informative seminars on awareness, communication and values in order to reduce the harmful aspects of rumor and gossip. The school administration should adopt a transparent management approach, establish a feedback mechanism, provide effective communication, operate formal communication channels and react to those who spread harmful rumor and gossip. The rumors and gossips can be used for organizational purposes such as; improving intimate relationships, recognizing the organization and employees, improving group cooperation and sincerity, understanding the hidden side of events, learning innovations and changes, learning how changes and practices are perceived, identifying deficiencies and problems in jobs, learning employee expectations.
References
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Baker, J. S. & Jones, M. A. (1996). The Poison grapevine: How destructive are gossip and rumor in the workplace? Human Resource Development Quarterly. 7, (1).
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Berkos, K. M. (2003). The effects of message direction and sex differences on the interpretation of workplace gossip. PhD Dissertation, Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University, USA.
Brown, M. & Napier, A. (2004). Knowledge transfer and rumour: Have we missed something?. In fifth European Conference on Organisational Knowledge, Learning and Capabilities. Innsbruck, Austria.
Bursalıoğlu, Z. (2011). Okul yönetiminde yeni yapı ve davranış. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
Çağlar, İ. & Kılıç, S. (2011). Eğitim fakülteleri için genel iletişim. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
Çalıkuşu, E., Öz, M., Göral, B. B., Bozoğlu, A. & Ateş, İ. (2013). İnformal iletişimin “dedikodu-söylenti” örgüt içi rolü: Bir yükseköğretim kurumunda yapılan çalışma. ICQH 2013 Proceedings Book, Sakarya.
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Chen, G. (2019). ILSCR rumor spreading model to discuss the control of rumor spreading in emergency. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 522, 88-97.
Chen, H. Lu, Y. K. & Suen, W. (2016). The power of whispers: A theory of rumor, communicatıon, and revolution. International Economic Review. Vol. 57, No. 1.
Crampton, S. M., Hodge, J. W., & Mishra, J. M. (1998). The informal communication network: Factors influencing grapevine activity. Public Personnel Management, 27(4), 569-584.
Crescimbene, M., La Longa, F., & Lanza, T. (2012). The science of rumors. Annals of Geophysics, 55(3), 421-425.
Dağlı, A. & Han, B. (2018). Organizational rumor scale for educational institutions. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 6(5): 936-946.
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Doğan, H. (2002). İşgörenlerin adalet algılamalarında örgüt içi iletişim ve prosedürel bilgilendirmenin rolü. Ege Akademik Bakış, 2(2), 71-78.
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Ergin, A. (2014). Eğitimde etkili iletişim. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
Ersoy, F. (2017). “Fenomenoloji”. Eğitimde nitel araştırma desenleri. (Ed: Ahmet Saban ve Ali Ersoy. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
Eşkin-Bacaksız, F. & Yıldırım, A. (2015). Dedikodu ve söylentiler: Hastanelerdeki durum ve hemşirelerin tutumları. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, Sayı: 3 Cilt: 2.
Esposito, J. L. & Rosnow, R. L. (1983). Corporate rumors: How they start and how to stop them. Management Review, 72(4), 44.
Fearn-Banks, K. (2007). Crisis communications: A casebook approach. Lawrence Erlbaum Assocıates, Publishers, Mahwah, New Jersey London.
Fine, G. A. & Ellis, B. (2010). The global grapevine: Why rumors of terrorism, ımmigration, and trade matter. Oxford University Press, Inc.
Foster, E. K. (2004). Research on gossip: Taxonomy, methods, and future directions. Review of General Psychology. 8(2), 78.
Gönen, Y. Ö., Öztürk, F. Ü., & Efilti, S. (2008). Örgütlerde söylenti ve dedikodu. Ulusal Büro Yönetimi ve Sekreterlik Kongresi, 22-24.
Grosser, T. J., Lopez-Kidwell, V. & Labianca, G. (2010). A social network analysis of positive and negative gossip in organizational life. Group & Organization Management. 35(2) 177–212.
Guerin, B. & Miyazaki, Y. (2006). Analyzing rumors, gossip, and urban legends through their conversational properties. Psychological Record. 56(1), 23.
Güllüoğlu, Ö. (2012). Örgütsel iletişim, iletişim doyumu ve kurumsal bağlılık. Konya: Eğitim Akademi Yayınları.
Han, B. & Dağlı, A. (2018). Organizational gossip scale: Validity and reliability study. Turkish Studies Educational Sciences. Volume 13/27 p. 829-846.
Han, B. (2021). The sources of organizational gossips in schools. Education Quarterly Reviews, Vol.4 Special Issue 1, 15-24.
Han, B. (2019). İnformal iletişim biçimi olarak okullarda söylenti ve dedikodunun öğretmen görüşlerine göre incelenmesi [Investigating rumor and gossip as types of informal communication in schools according to teacher views]. Doktora tezi, Dicle Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Diyarbakır.
Han, B. (2020). Örgütsel söylenti ve dedikodu yönetimi. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayınları.
Himmetoğlu, B., Ayduğ, D., & Bayrak, C. (2020). School administrators’ opinions on rumor and gossip network as an ınformal communication type in schools. Çukurova Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 49(1), 45-72.
Hirschhorn, L. (1983). Managing rumors during retrenchment. Advanced Management Journal, 48 (3), 5-11.
Jobs, S. (2014). Uncertain knowledge. Rethinking History, 18(1), 2-9
Johnson, C. R. (2016). If you don’t have anything nice to say, come sit by me: Gossip as epistemic good and evil. Social Theory and Practice, 42(2), 304-317.
Kapferer, J. N. (1992). Dünyanın en eski medyası: Dedikodu ve söylenti. (Çev. Işın Gürbüz). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
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Knapp, R. H. (1944). A psychology of rumor. Public Opinion Quarterly, 8(1), 22-37.
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Kurland, N. B. & Pelled, L. H. (2000). Passing the word: Toward a model of gossip and power in the workplace. The Academy of Management Review, 25, 2; p. 428.
Liff, R., & Wikström, E. (2021). Rumours and gossip demand continuous action by managers in daily working life. Culture and Organization, 1-20.
Lind, P. G., Silva, L. R., Andrade, J. S. & Herrmann, H. J. (2007). The spread of gossip in American schools. Europhysics Letters (EPL). 78, 6.
Luna, A., & Chou, S. Y. (2013). Drivers for workplace gossip: An application of the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict, 17(1), 115.
Michelson, G., & Mouly, S. V. (2004). Do loose lips sink ships? The meaning, antecedents and consequences of rumor and gossip in organizations. Corporate Communications: An International Journal. 9(3), 189-201.
Miles, M. B. & Huberman, A. M. (2016). Nitel veri analizi. (Çev. Ed: Sadegül Akbaba Altun ve Ali Ersoy). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
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Mills, C. (2010). Experiencing gossip: The foundations for a theory of embedded organizational gossip. Group & Organization Management. XX(X) 1–28.
Noon, M. & Delbridge, R. (1993). News from behind my hand: Gossip in organizations. Organization Studies. 14(1), 23-36.
Paek, H. J., & Hove, T. (2019). Mediating and moderating roles of trust in government in effective risk rumor management: A test case of radiation‐contaminated seafood in South Korea. Risk Analysis, 39(12), 2653-2667.
Patton, M. Q. (2014). Qualitative research and evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice. Sage publications.
Pheko, M. M. (2018). Rumors and gossip as tools of social undermining and social dominance in workplace bullying and mobbing practices: A closer look at perceived perpetrator motives. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 28(4), 449-465.
Rahmani, M. (2018). Helping program directors effectively manage rumors and gossip. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 10(6), 616.
Ribeiro, V. E., & Blakeley, J. A. (1995). The proactive management of rumor and gossip. The Journal of Nursing Administration, 25(6), 43-50.
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Rosnow, R. L. & Foster, E. K. (2005). Rumor and gossip research. Psychological Science Agenda. 19(4), 1-2.
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Şantaş, G., Uğurluoğlu, Ö., Özer, Ö., & Demir, A. (2018). Do gossip functions effect on organizational revenge and job stress among health personnel?. Journal of Health Management, 20(1), 64-72.
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Arabacı, İ. B., Sünkür, M., & Şimşek, F. Z. (2012). Öğretmenlerin dedikodu ve söylenti mekanizmasına ilişkin görüşleri: Nitel bir çalışma. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi. 18 (2), 171-190.
Askarizadeh, M., & Ladani, B. T. (2021). Soft rumor control in social networks: Modeling and analysis. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 100, 104198.
Atak, M. (2005). Örgütlerde resmi olmayan iletişimin yeri ve önemi. Havacılık ve Uzay Teknolojileri Dergisi. 2, (2), 59-67.
Bahar, E. (2016). İletişim. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
Baker, J. S. & Jones, M. A. (1996). The Poison grapevine: How destructive are gossip and rumor in the workplace? Human Resource Development Quarterly. 7, (1).
Bao, Y., Yi, C., Xue, Y., & Dong, Y. (2013). A new rumor propagation model and control strategy on social networks. In 2013 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM 2013) (pp. 1472-1473). IEEE.
Bektaş, M. & Erdem, R. (2015). Örgütlerde informal iletişim süreci: Kavramsal bir çerçeve. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 17 (1), 125-139.
Berkos, K. M. (2003). The effects of message direction and sex differences on the interpretation of workplace gossip. PhD Dissertation, Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University, USA.
Brown, M. & Napier, A. (2004). Knowledge transfer and rumour: Have we missed something?. In fifth European Conference on Organisational Knowledge, Learning and Capabilities. Innsbruck, Austria.
Bursalıoğlu, Z. (2011). Okul yönetiminde yeni yapı ve davranış. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
Çağlar, İ. & Kılıç, S. (2011). Eğitim fakülteleri için genel iletişim. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
Çalıkuşu, E., Öz, M., Göral, B. B., Bozoğlu, A. & Ateş, İ. (2013). İnformal iletişimin “dedikodu-söylenti” örgüt içi rolü: Bir yükseköğretim kurumunda yapılan çalışma. ICQH 2013 Proceedings Book, Sakarya.
Caplow, T. (1947). Rumors in war. Social Forces. Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 298-302.
Chen, G. (2019). ILSCR rumor spreading model to discuss the control of rumor spreading in emergency. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 522, 88-97.
Chen, H. Lu, Y. K. & Suen, W. (2016). The power of whispers: A theory of rumor, communicatıon, and revolution. International Economic Review. Vol. 57, No. 1.
Crampton, S. M., Hodge, J. W., & Mishra, J. M. (1998). The informal communication network: Factors influencing grapevine activity. Public Personnel Management, 27(4), 569-584.
Crescimbene, M., La Longa, F., & Lanza, T. (2012). The science of rumors. Annals of Geophysics, 55(3), 421-425.
Dağlı, A. & Han, B. (2018). Organizational rumor scale for educational institutions. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 6(5): 936-946.
DiFonzo, N. & Bordia, P. (2007). Rumor psychology, social and organizational approaches. American Psychological Association, 750 First Street, NE Washington, DC.
DiFonzo, N., Bordia, P., & Rosnow, R. L. (1994). Reining in rumors. Organizational Dynamics, 23, 47-62.
Ditmarsch, H., Van Eijck, J., Pardo, P., Ramezanian, R., & Schwarzentruber, F. (2017). Epistemic protocols for dynamic gossip. Journal of Applied Logic. 20, 1-31.
Doğan, H. (2002). İşgörenlerin adalet algılamalarında örgüt içi iletişim ve prosedürel bilgilendirmenin rolü. Ege Akademik Bakış, 2(2), 71-78.
Dores Cruz, T. D., Nieper, A. S., Testori, M., Martinescu, E., & Beersma, B. (2020). An integrative definition and framework to study gossip. Group & Organization Management, Special issue, Vol. 0(0) 1–34.
Duriau, V. J., Reger, R. K., & Pfarrer, M. D. (2007). A content analysis of the content analysis literature in organization studies: Research themes, data sources, and methodological refinements. Organizational Research Methods, 10(1), 5-34.
Ergin, A. (2014). Eğitimde etkili iletişim. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
Ersoy, F. (2017). “Fenomenoloji”. Eğitimde nitel araştırma desenleri. (Ed: Ahmet Saban ve Ali Ersoy. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
Eşkin-Bacaksız, F. & Yıldırım, A. (2015). Dedikodu ve söylentiler: Hastanelerdeki durum ve hemşirelerin tutumları. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, Sayı: 3 Cilt: 2.
Esposito, J. L. & Rosnow, R. L. (1983). Corporate rumors: How they start and how to stop them. Management Review, 72(4), 44.
Fearn-Banks, K. (2007). Crisis communications: A casebook approach. Lawrence Erlbaum Assocıates, Publishers, Mahwah, New Jersey London.
Fine, G. A. & Ellis, B. (2010). The global grapevine: Why rumors of terrorism, ımmigration, and trade matter. Oxford University Press, Inc.
Foster, E. K. (2004). Research on gossip: Taxonomy, methods, and future directions. Review of General Psychology. 8(2), 78.
Gönen, Y. Ö., Öztürk, F. Ü., & Efilti, S. (2008). Örgütlerde söylenti ve dedikodu. Ulusal Büro Yönetimi ve Sekreterlik Kongresi, 22-24.
Grosser, T. J., Lopez-Kidwell, V. & Labianca, G. (2010). A social network analysis of positive and negative gossip in organizational life. Group & Organization Management. 35(2) 177–212.
Guerin, B. & Miyazaki, Y. (2006). Analyzing rumors, gossip, and urban legends through their conversational properties. Psychological Record. 56(1), 23.
Güllüoğlu, Ö. (2012). Örgütsel iletişim, iletişim doyumu ve kurumsal bağlılık. Konya: Eğitim Akademi Yayınları.
Han, B. & Dağlı, A. (2018). Organizational gossip scale: Validity and reliability study. Turkish Studies Educational Sciences. Volume 13/27 p. 829-846.
Han, B. (2021). The sources of organizational gossips in schools. Education Quarterly Reviews, Vol.4 Special Issue 1, 15-24.
Han, B. (2019). İnformal iletişim biçimi olarak okullarda söylenti ve dedikodunun öğretmen görüşlerine göre incelenmesi [Investigating rumor and gossip as types of informal communication in schools according to teacher views]. Doktora tezi, Dicle Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Diyarbakır.
Han, B. (2020). Örgütsel söylenti ve dedikodu yönetimi. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayınları.
Himmetoğlu, B., Ayduğ, D., & Bayrak, C. (2020). School administrators’ opinions on rumor and gossip network as an ınformal communication type in schools. Çukurova Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 49(1), 45-72.
Hirschhorn, L. (1983). Managing rumors during retrenchment. Advanced Management Journal, 48 (3), 5-11.
Jobs, S. (2014). Uncertain knowledge. Rethinking History, 18(1), 2-9
Johnson, C. R. (2016). If you don’t have anything nice to say, come sit by me: Gossip as epistemic good and evil. Social Theory and Practice, 42(2), 304-317.
Kapferer, J. N. (1992). Dünyanın en eski medyası: Dedikodu ve söylenti. (Çev. Işın Gürbüz). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
Kieffer, C. C. (2013). Rumors and gossip as forms of bullying: Sticks and stones?. Psychoanalytic Inquiry. 33: 90–104.
Kimmel, A. J. (2004). Rumors and rumor control. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Knapp, R. H. (1944). A psychology of rumor. Public Opinion Quarterly, 8(1), 22-37.
Koçel, T. (2015). İşletme yöneticiliği. İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayıncılık.
Kurland, N. B. & Pelled, L. H. (2000). Passing the word: Toward a model of gossip and power in the workplace. The Academy of Management Review, 25, 2; p. 428.
Liff, R., & Wikström, E. (2021). Rumours and gossip demand continuous action by managers in daily working life. Culture and Organization, 1-20.
Lind, P. G., Silva, L. R., Andrade, J. S. & Herrmann, H. J. (2007). The spread of gossip in American schools. Europhysics Letters (EPL). 78, 6.
Luna, A., & Chou, S. Y. (2013). Drivers for workplace gossip: An application of the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict, 17(1), 115.
Michelson, G., & Mouly, S. V. (2004). Do loose lips sink ships? The meaning, antecedents and consequences of rumor and gossip in organizations. Corporate Communications: An International Journal. 9(3), 189-201.
Miles, M. B. & Huberman, A. M. (2016). Nitel veri analizi. (Çev. Ed: Sadegül Akbaba Altun ve Ali Ersoy). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. London: Sage publication.
Mills, C. (2010). Experiencing gossip: The foundations for a theory of embedded organizational gossip. Group & Organization Management. XX(X) 1–28.
Noon, M. & Delbridge, R. (1993). News from behind my hand: Gossip in organizations. Organization Studies. 14(1), 23-36.
Paek, H. J., & Hove, T. (2019). Mediating and moderating roles of trust in government in effective risk rumor management: A test case of radiation‐contaminated seafood in South Korea. Risk Analysis, 39(12), 2653-2667.
Patton, M. Q. (2014). Qualitative research and evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice. Sage publications.
Pheko, M. M. (2018). Rumors and gossip as tools of social undermining and social dominance in workplace bullying and mobbing practices: A closer look at perceived perpetrator motives. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 28(4), 449-465.
Rahmani, M. (2018). Helping program directors effectively manage rumors and gossip. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 10(6), 616.
Ribeiro, V. E., & Blakeley, J. A. (1995). The proactive management of rumor and gossip. The Journal of Nursing Administration, 25(6), 43-50.
Rivero, O. (2013). Rumors in the workplace affecting organizational change readiness. Global Journal of Management and Business Research Administration and Management. Volume 13 Issue 12 Version 1.
Rosnow, R. L. & Foster, E. K. (2005). Rumor and gossip research. Psychological Science Agenda. 19(4), 1-2.
Sabuncuoğlu, Z. & Gümüş, M. (2008). Örgütlerde iletişim. İstanbul: Arıkan Basım Yayım, Dağıtım Ltd. Şti.
Şantaş, G., Uğurluoğlu, Ö., Özer, Ö., & Demir, A. (2018). Do gossip functions effect on organizational revenge and job stress among health personnel?. Journal of Health Management, 20(1), 64-72.
Savarimuthu, S., Purvis, M., Purvis, M., & Savarimuthu, B. T. R. (2013). Gossip-based self-organising agent societies and the impact of false gossip. Minds and Machines, 23(4), 419-441.
Smith, L. C., Lucas, K. J., & Latkin, C. (1999). Rumor and gossip: Social discourse on HIV and AIDS. Anthropology & Medicine, 6(1), 121-131.
Stewart, P. J. & Strathern, A. (2004). Witchcraft, sorcery, rumors, and gossip. Cambridge University Press.
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Published
2021-06-19
How to Cite
HAN, B. (2021). Management Techniques for Organizational Rumor and Gossip in Schools. Dinamika Ilmu, 21(1), 177-203. https://doi.org/10.21093/di.v21i1.3275
Section
Articles
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