Multicultural-Based Education for Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Students During Covid-19 Pandemic
Keywords:
character education, madrasah Ibtidaiyah, multicultural
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the strategy of internalizing multicultural-based character education for Islamic elementary school students (Madrasah Ibtidaiyah/MI) in the city of Salatiga during the pandemic. The research method used is qualitative with data collection techniques of observation, interviews, and documentation. The focus of the research is on the strategy of internalizing the values of character education based on multiculturalism starting from the conception and stages in the internalization process consisting of exemplary strategies, habituation strategies, and MIS discipline strategies in Salatiga City. The findings reveal that the internalization strategy carried out by schools is through an integration strategy and the Implementation Strategy of Multicultural-based Moral Education at Home. The conclusion is that the strategy of internalizing multicultural-based character education during the pandemic focuses on the role of parents, the ability of teachers to design learning strategies, and digital technology-based learning models.
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References
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Berkowitz, M., & Bier, M. (2004). Research- Based Character Education. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591(1), 72–85. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716203260082
Bhamani, S. (2020). Home Learning in Times of COVID : Experiences of Parents. Journal of Education and Educational Development, 7(1), 9–26. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.22555/joeed.v7i1.3260
Brahma, S., & Brahma, J. (2014). Culturing Cellulolytic Fungi in Sea Water. Citeseer, 4(1), 4–7. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.429.3175&rep=rep1&type=pdf#page=68
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Dikici, E. (2019). Governance of religious diversity in Western Europe. Ethnicities, 21(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468796819832342
E. Mulyasa. (2011). Memahami dan Memaknai Pendidikan Karakter. Nusantara Education Review, 5(1), 9–19. Retrieved from http://ojs.spsuninus.ac.id/index.php/ner/article/view/17
Esteban-Guitart, M. (2018). The biosocial foundation of the Early Vygotsky: Educational psychology before the zone of proximal development. History of Psychology, 21(4), 384–401. https://doi.org/10.1037/hop0000092
Giles, D. . J., & Eyler, J. (1994). The Theoretical Roots of Service-Learning in John Dewey: Toward a Theory of Self-Learning. Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning, 1(1), 77–85. Retrieved from http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/mjcsl/3239521.0001.109?rgn=main;view=fulltext
Gopalkrishnan, N. (2018). Cultural Diversity and Mental Health: Considerations for Policy and Practice. Frontiers in Public Health, 6(June), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00179
Halim, A., Eni, I., Fahyuni, F., & Harahap, A. (2021). The Problem of Online Learning: The Role of Parents During The Covid 19 Pandemic. Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 4(2), 284–293. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v4i2.1471
Have, H. ten, & Neves, M. do C. P. (2021). Cultural Diversity Dictionary of Global Bioethics. In Dictionary of Global Bioethics (p. 183). London and New York: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54161-3_183
Izfanna, D., & Hisyam, N. A. (2012). A comprehensive approach in developing akhlaq: A case study on the implementation of character education at Pondok Pesantren Darunnajah. Multicultural Education and Technology Journal, 6(2), 77–86. https://doi.org/10.1108/17504971211236254
Kaufman, D. M. (2003). Applying educational theory in practice Self directed learning Self efficacy Constructivism Reflective practice. BMJ, 326(7382), 213–216. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1125068/pdf/213.pdf
Kementerian Agama RI. (2021). Rekapitulasi Data Pokok Pendidikan Islam: Madrasah Semester Genap 2020/2021. Retrieved from http://emispendis.kemenag.go.id/
Kurdi, M. S., Mardiah, M., Kurdi, M. S., Ghazali Usman, M. I., & Taslimurrahman, T. T. (2020). Speaking Activities In Madrasah Ibtidaiyah: A Meta Narrative About Character Building And Multiculturalism Point Of View. Al-Bidayah: Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Islam, 12(1), 55–82. https://doi.org/10.14421/al-bidayah.v12i1.534
Latorre-Cosculluela, C., Suárez, C., Quiroga, S., Sobradiel-Sierra, N., Lozano-Blasco, R., & Rodríguez-Martínez, A. (2021). Flipped Classroom model before and during COVID-19: using technology to develop 21st century skills. Interactive Technology and Smart Education. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITSE-08-2020-0137
Lickona, T. (2006). Eleven Principles of Effective Character Education Eleven Principles of Effective Character Education. Journal of Moral Education, 25(1), 93–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305724960250110
Mahfud, C., Prasetyawati, N., Agustin, D. S. ., Suarmini, N. W., & Hendrajati, E. (2019). The Urgency of Civic Education and Religious Character Education for Early Childhood in Indonesia. Elementary: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 5(1), 97. https://doi.org/10.32332/elementary.v5i1.1496
Mithhar, Agustang, A., Adam, A., & Upe, A. (2021). Online Learning and Distortion of Character Education in the Covid-19 Pandemic Era. Webology, 18(September), 566–580. https://doi.org/10.14704/WEB/V18SI04/WEB18149
Moore, T. W. (1975). Educational Theory: An Introduction. United Kingdom: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.2307/3120193
Muizzuddin, M. (2021). Character and Multicultural Education Model For Gifted Students. Pendidikan Multikultural, 5(2), 272–293.
Muzayah, U. (2016). Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan Inklusif pada Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) KEJI Ungaran Jawa Tengah. Penamas: Jurnal Penelitian Keagamaan Dan Kemasyarakatan, 29(2), 1–23.
Nakaya, A. (2018). Overcoming ethnic conflict through multicultural education: The case of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. International Journal of Multicultural Education, 20(1), 118–137. https://doi.org/10.18251/ijme.v20i1.1549
Niswah, C. (2021). Empowering Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teachers in Improving Islamic Character Based on Tauhid Education Pemberdayaan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah dalam Meningkatkan Karakter Islami Berbasis Pendidikan Tauhid, 7(1), 26–40. https://doi.org/10.32332/ejipd.v7i1.2396
Pala, A. (2011). The need for character education. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies, 3(2), 23–32. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/257330
Parkhouse, H., Lu, C. Y., & Massaro, V. R. (2019). Multicultural Education Professional Development : A Review of the Literature, XX(X), 1–43. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654319840359
Puspitarini, B. I. (2021). Penggunaan Model Studysaster pada Pembelajaran Daring dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Bahasa Indonesia pada Siswa Kelas 5 SD Kyai Ibrahim Surabaya Tahun Pelajaran 2020-2021. PTK: Jurnal Tindakan Kelas, 2(1), 90–101.
Qiang, Z. (2003). Internationalization of Higher Education: towards a conceptual framework. Policy Futures in Education, 1(2), 248–270. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-45617-5
Raihani, R. (2018). Education for multicultural citizens in Indonesia: policies and practices. Compare, 48(6), 992–1009. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2017.1399250
Rozycki, E. G. (1999). " Tracking " in Public Education : Preparation for the World of Work ?, 77(3), 42926301.
Sleeter, C. (1987). An Analysis of Multicultural Education in the United States. Harvard Educational Review, 57(4), 421–445. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.57.4.v810xr0v3224x316
Sopandi, E., & Khasanah, K. (2020). Evaluation of Implementation of Inclusion Education Programs in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Badrussalam Surabaya. Akademika, 9(01), 33–45. https://doi.org/10.34005/akademika.v9i01.778
Sopian, A. (2018). Internalization of Character Education in the SMPIT As-Syifa Boarding School. Sosio Humanika: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Sosial Dan Kemanusiaan, 11(1), 47–62.
Spencer-Oatey, H., & Dauber, D. (2019). What Is Integration and Why Is It Important for Internationalization? A Multidisciplinary Review. Journal of Studies in International Education, 23(5), 515–534. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315319842346
Stojkovic, I., & Jelic, M. (2016). Approaches and Models in Special Education and Rehabilitation. In Thematic Collection of International Importance (pp. 61–72). Serbia: University of Belgrade – Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation Publishing Center of the Faculty. Retrieved from http://rfasper.fasper.bg.ac.rs/bitstream/handle/123456789/3253/bitstream_3260.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Sulaiman, A. (2021). Journal Education Multicultural of Instructing a model of inclusive Islamic education Journal Education Multicultural of. International Journal Education Multikultural of Islam, 1(1), 37–44. Retrieved from http://riset.unisma.ac.id/index.php/JEMOIS/article/view/10097/8055
Sultoni, Gunawan, I., & Novita Sari, D. (2020). Validity and Reliability of Character Education Internalization Instruments. In 4th International Conference on Education and Management (CoEMA 2019) Validity (Vol. 381, pp. 245–249). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/coema-19.2019.50
Tomlinson, S. (1997). Edward Lee Thorndike and John Dewey on the Science of Education. Oxford Review of Education, 23(3), 365–383. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1050962
Tumatul Ainin, D., Amaliyah, Y., Rifa’i, M., Suhartatik, Laila, N., & Fitriani, A. (2021). Using Information Technology; Efforts in Overcoming Student Learning Difficulties. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1779(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1779/1/012071
Walker, D. I., Roberts, M. P., & Kristjánsson, K. (2015). Towards a new era of character education in theory and in practice. Educational Review, 67(1), 79–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2013.827631
Yeni, R., Yi-Fong, P., & Chen, H. (2014). The Necessity of Multicultural Education in Indonesia. International Journal of Education and Research, 2(10), 317–328.
Yuhanis, Y., Arafat, Y., & Puspitasari, A. (2020). Implementation of Character Education In Fostering Elementary School Students In Gelumbang, Indonesia. Pedagogi: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 20(2), 60–68. https://doi.org/10.24036/pedagogi.v20i2.887
Al-Busaidi, S., & Al-Seyabi, F. (2021). Project-based learning as a tool for student-teachers’ professional development: A study in an Omani EFL teacher education program. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 20(4), 116–136. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.20.4.7
Altbach, P. G., & Knight, J. (2007). The internationalization of higher education: Motivations and realities. Journal of Studies in International Education, 11(3–4), 290–305. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315307303542
Anam, S., Degeng, I. N. S., Murtadho, N., & Kuswandi, D. (2019). The moral education and internalization of humanitarian values in pesantren. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 7(4), 815–834. https://doi.org/10.17478/jegys.629726
Artha, R., Junaedi, Maseleno, A., Huda, M., & Ibrahim, M. H. (2021). Improving clean and healthy islamic educational institution. Linguistics and Culture Review, 5(June), 266–273. https://doi.org/10.37028/lingcure.v5nS1.1372
Banks, J. A. (1993). Multicultural Education: Historical Development , Dimensions , and Practice. Review of Research in Education, 19(1), 3–49. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/1167339
Banks, J. A. (2008). An Introduction to Multicultural Education. New York, N.Y: Pearson Prentice Hall. Retrieved from http://catalogue.pearsoned.ca/assets/hip/ca/hip_ca_pearsonhighered/preface/0134800362.pdf
Bates, A. (2019). Character education and the ‘ priority of recognition .’ Cambridge Journal of Education, 00(00), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764X.2019.1590529
Berkowitz, M., & Bier, M. (2004). Research- Based Character Education. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591(1), 72–85. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716203260082
Bhamani, S. (2020). Home Learning in Times of COVID : Experiences of Parents. Journal of Education and Educational Development, 7(1), 9–26. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.22555/joeed.v7i1.3260
Brahma, S., & Brahma, J. (2014). Culturing Cellulolytic Fungi in Sea Water. Citeseer, 4(1), 4–7. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.429.3175&rep=rep1&type=pdf#page=68
Brata, D. N. P., Mahatmaharti, R. A. K., Istianingrum, R., Hasanudin, C., & Hadi, S. (2020). Developing Pancasila and Civis Education (PPKN) Based on Local Wisdom. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 8(1), 768–773. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8192
Cherng, H. S., & Davis, L. A. (2017). Multicultural Matters : An Investigation of Key Assumptions of Multicultural Education Reform in Teacher Education. Journal of Teacher Education, 70(3), 219–236. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487117742884
Dakir, Zamroni, Wibowo, A., Rozi, F., Misroto, Anshori, A. M., … Bon, A. T. (2021). Efforts to improve student learning outcomes; identification of learning models in madrasah. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 7101–7106.
Dikici, E. (2019). Governance of religious diversity in Western Europe. Ethnicities, 21(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468796819832342
E. Mulyasa. (2011). Memahami dan Memaknai Pendidikan Karakter. Nusantara Education Review, 5(1), 9–19. Retrieved from http://ojs.spsuninus.ac.id/index.php/ner/article/view/17
Esteban-Guitart, M. (2018). The biosocial foundation of the Early Vygotsky: Educational psychology before the zone of proximal development. History of Psychology, 21(4), 384–401. https://doi.org/10.1037/hop0000092
Giles, D. . J., & Eyler, J. (1994). The Theoretical Roots of Service-Learning in John Dewey: Toward a Theory of Self-Learning. Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning, 1(1), 77–85. Retrieved from http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/mjcsl/3239521.0001.109?rgn=main;view=fulltext
Gopalkrishnan, N. (2018). Cultural Diversity and Mental Health: Considerations for Policy and Practice. Frontiers in Public Health, 6(June), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00179
Halim, A., Eni, I., Fahyuni, F., & Harahap, A. (2021). The Problem of Online Learning: The Role of Parents During The Covid 19 Pandemic. Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 4(2), 284–293. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v4i2.1471
Have, H. ten, & Neves, M. do C. P. (2021). Cultural Diversity Dictionary of Global Bioethics. In Dictionary of Global Bioethics (p. 183). London and New York: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54161-3_183
Izfanna, D., & Hisyam, N. A. (2012). A comprehensive approach in developing akhlaq: A case study on the implementation of character education at Pondok Pesantren Darunnajah. Multicultural Education and Technology Journal, 6(2), 77–86. https://doi.org/10.1108/17504971211236254
Kaufman, D. M. (2003). Applying educational theory in practice Self directed learning Self efficacy Constructivism Reflective practice. BMJ, 326(7382), 213–216. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1125068/pdf/213.pdf
Kementerian Agama RI. (2021). Rekapitulasi Data Pokok Pendidikan Islam: Madrasah Semester Genap 2020/2021. Retrieved from http://emispendis.kemenag.go.id/
Kurdi, M. S., Mardiah, M., Kurdi, M. S., Ghazali Usman, M. I., & Taslimurrahman, T. T. (2020). Speaking Activities In Madrasah Ibtidaiyah: A Meta Narrative About Character Building And Multiculturalism Point Of View. Al-Bidayah: Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Islam, 12(1), 55–82. https://doi.org/10.14421/al-bidayah.v12i1.534
Latorre-Cosculluela, C., Suárez, C., Quiroga, S., Sobradiel-Sierra, N., Lozano-Blasco, R., & Rodríguez-Martínez, A. (2021). Flipped Classroom model before and during COVID-19: using technology to develop 21st century skills. Interactive Technology and Smart Education. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITSE-08-2020-0137
Lickona, T. (2006). Eleven Principles of Effective Character Education Eleven Principles of Effective Character Education. Journal of Moral Education, 25(1), 93–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305724960250110
Mahfud, C., Prasetyawati, N., Agustin, D. S. ., Suarmini, N. W., & Hendrajati, E. (2019). The Urgency of Civic Education and Religious Character Education for Early Childhood in Indonesia. Elementary: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 5(1), 97. https://doi.org/10.32332/elementary.v5i1.1496
Mithhar, Agustang, A., Adam, A., & Upe, A. (2021). Online Learning and Distortion of Character Education in the Covid-19 Pandemic Era. Webology, 18(September), 566–580. https://doi.org/10.14704/WEB/V18SI04/WEB18149
Moore, T. W. (1975). Educational Theory: An Introduction. United Kingdom: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.2307/3120193
Muizzuddin, M. (2021). Character and Multicultural Education Model For Gifted Students. Pendidikan Multikultural, 5(2), 272–293.
Muzayah, U. (2016). Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan Inklusif pada Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) KEJI Ungaran Jawa Tengah. Penamas: Jurnal Penelitian Keagamaan Dan Kemasyarakatan, 29(2), 1–23.
Nakaya, A. (2018). Overcoming ethnic conflict through multicultural education: The case of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. International Journal of Multicultural Education, 20(1), 118–137. https://doi.org/10.18251/ijme.v20i1.1549
Niswah, C. (2021). Empowering Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teachers in Improving Islamic Character Based on Tauhid Education Pemberdayaan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah dalam Meningkatkan Karakter Islami Berbasis Pendidikan Tauhid, 7(1), 26–40. https://doi.org/10.32332/ejipd.v7i1.2396
Pala, A. (2011). The need for character education. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies, 3(2), 23–32. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/257330
Parkhouse, H., Lu, C. Y., & Massaro, V. R. (2019). Multicultural Education Professional Development : A Review of the Literature, XX(X), 1–43. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654319840359
Puspitarini, B. I. (2021). Penggunaan Model Studysaster pada Pembelajaran Daring dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Bahasa Indonesia pada Siswa Kelas 5 SD Kyai Ibrahim Surabaya Tahun Pelajaran 2020-2021. PTK: Jurnal Tindakan Kelas, 2(1), 90–101.
Qiang, Z. (2003). Internationalization of Higher Education: towards a conceptual framework. Policy Futures in Education, 1(2), 248–270. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-45617-5
Raihani, R. (2018). Education for multicultural citizens in Indonesia: policies and practices. Compare, 48(6), 992–1009. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2017.1399250
Rozycki, E. G. (1999). " Tracking " in Public Education : Preparation for the World of Work ?, 77(3), 42926301.
Sleeter, C. (1987). An Analysis of Multicultural Education in the United States. Harvard Educational Review, 57(4), 421–445. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.57.4.v810xr0v3224x316
Sopandi, E., & Khasanah, K. (2020). Evaluation of Implementation of Inclusion Education Programs in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Badrussalam Surabaya. Akademika, 9(01), 33–45. https://doi.org/10.34005/akademika.v9i01.778
Sopian, A. (2018). Internalization of Character Education in the SMPIT As-Syifa Boarding School. Sosio Humanika: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Sosial Dan Kemanusiaan, 11(1), 47–62.
Spencer-Oatey, H., & Dauber, D. (2019). What Is Integration and Why Is It Important for Internationalization? A Multidisciplinary Review. Journal of Studies in International Education, 23(5), 515–534. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315319842346
Stojkovic, I., & Jelic, M. (2016). Approaches and Models in Special Education and Rehabilitation. In Thematic Collection of International Importance (pp. 61–72). Serbia: University of Belgrade – Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation Publishing Center of the Faculty. Retrieved from http://rfasper.fasper.bg.ac.rs/bitstream/handle/123456789/3253/bitstream_3260.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Sulaiman, A. (2021). Journal Education Multicultural of Instructing a model of inclusive Islamic education Journal Education Multicultural of. International Journal Education Multikultural of Islam, 1(1), 37–44. Retrieved from http://riset.unisma.ac.id/index.php/JEMOIS/article/view/10097/8055
Sultoni, Gunawan, I., & Novita Sari, D. (2020). Validity and Reliability of Character Education Internalization Instruments. In 4th International Conference on Education and Management (CoEMA 2019) Validity (Vol. 381, pp. 245–249). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/coema-19.2019.50
Tomlinson, S. (1997). Edward Lee Thorndike and John Dewey on the Science of Education. Oxford Review of Education, 23(3), 365–383. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1050962
Tumatul Ainin, D., Amaliyah, Y., Rifa’i, M., Suhartatik, Laila, N., & Fitriani, A. (2021). Using Information Technology; Efforts in Overcoming Student Learning Difficulties. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1779(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1779/1/012071
Walker, D. I., Roberts, M. P., & Kristjánsson, K. (2015). Towards a new era of character education in theory and in practice. Educational Review, 67(1), 79–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2013.827631
Yeni, R., Yi-Fong, P., & Chen, H. (2014). The Necessity of Multicultural Education in Indonesia. International Journal of Education and Research, 2(10), 317–328.
Yuhanis, Y., Arafat, Y., & Puspitasari, A. (2020). Implementation of Character Education In Fostering Elementary School Students In Gelumbang, Indonesia. Pedagogi: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 20(2), 60–68. https://doi.org/10.24036/pedagogi.v20i2.887
Published
2021-12-31
How to Cite
Farihin, F. (2021). Multicultural-Based Education for Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Students During Covid-19 Pandemic. Dinamika Ilmu, 21(2), 501-518. https://doi.org/10.21093/dinamika ilmu.v21i2.6343
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