Authorship and Contribution Policy

The Borneo Journal of Language and Education (BENJOLE) follows internationally recognized principles of responsible authorship and adheres to the guidelines established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) regarding authorship, contributorship, and accountability.

Authorship should reflect substantial intellectual contributions to the research and manuscript preparation process. All individuals listed as authors must meet the criteria for authorship and take responsibility for the integrity and accuracy of the published work.

Authorship Criteria

An individual qualifies as an author if they have made substantial contributions to the work, including at least one of the following:

Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the research;
Contribution to the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of research data;
Significant involvement in drafting the manuscript or critically revising it for important intellectual content;
Approval of the final version of the manuscript before submission and publication;
Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work, ensuring that questions related to the accuracy, integrity, or ethical conduct of the research are appropriately investigated and resolved.

Individuals who do not meet all authorship criteria should not be listed as authors.

Author Responsibilities

All authors are collectively responsible for the content of the manuscript and must:

Ensure that the submitted manuscript represents original work and has not been published elsewhere;
Approve the final manuscript version submitted to BENJOLE;
Disclose any potential conflicts of interest related to the research or publication;
Ensure the accuracy and integrity of the research data and findings;
Cooperate with the journal in addressing any concerns regarding research integrity, errors, or ethical issues after publication.

The corresponding author is responsible for communicating with the journal throughout the submission, review, revision, and publication process. The corresponding author must ensure that all co-authors have reviewed and approved the manuscript submission and agree with the authorship order.

Changes in Authorship

Any changes to authorship after manuscript submission, including adding, removing, or rearranging authors, must be approved by all authors involved.

Requests for authorship changes must include:

A clear explanation of the reason for the change;
Written confirmation from all existing and proposed authors;
Approval from the journal editor before the manuscript proceeds to publication.

BENJOLE reserves the right to investigate authorship disputes in accordance with COPE recommendations.

Contributors and Acknowledgements

Individuals who have contributed to the research but do not meet the criteria for authorship should be acknowledged appropriately.

Examples of contributions that may be recognized in the acknowledgements section include:

Administrative or technical assistance;
Language editing or proofreading;
Data collection support without intellectual contribution;
General supervision or institutional support.

Such contributions should not be considered sufficient grounds for authorship.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Authorship

Artificial intelligence tools, including generative AI systems, cannot be listed as authors because they cannot assume responsibility, accountability, or ethical obligations associated with authorship.

Authors who use AI tools during research or manuscript preparation must disclose their use transparently according to the journal's policies. Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, integrity, and ethical compliance of the submitted manuscript.