Polarized Discourse in the Egyptian News: Critical Discourse Analysis Perspective
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate ideological structures of polarized discourse coded in the reports of two online news websites: egyptindependent and ikwanweb . The study focuses on online news reports relating to three interrelated events: the issuing of a constitutional declaration by Egyptian president, the aftermath clashes outside presidential palace and the issuing of the Egyptian draft constitution. The analysis of these reports is conducted within the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis. The features of the ideologies of polarized discourse are traced through: Quotation patterns and Labeling. The study concludes with a discussion of how both websites establish a dichotomy of we versus them. In addition, the reports of each website marginalize the other through what is termed as ' Absent News'.References
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Van Dijk, T. (1998) ‘Opinions and Ideologies in the Press’, in A. Bell and P. Garett (eds) Approaches to Media Discourse, pp. 21 – 63. Oxford: Blackwell.
Van Dijk, T. (2000) ‘New(s) Racism: A Discourse Analytical Approach’, in Simon Cottle (eds) Race, Racism and the Mass Media. Milton Keynes: Open University Press
Ali, S. & Kazemian, B. (2015). Critical Discourse Analysis of a Reading Text ‘Pakistan and the Modern World’: A Speech by Liaquat Ali Khan. Communication and Linguistics Studies, 1(3), 35-41.
Ali, S., Kazemian, B. & Bughio, F. A. (2015). An investigation of the reading text ‘Pakistan Zindabad’ (Long Live Pakistan): Critical discourse analysis perspective. Education and Linguistics Research, 1(2), 42-51.
Bekalu, M. (2006) ‘Presupposition in news discourse’, Discourse & Society 17 (2): 147 – 172.
Bell, A. (1991) The Language of News Media. Oxford: Blackwell.
Cap, P., & Okulska, U. (Eds.). (2013). Analyzing genres in political communication: theory and practice (Vol. 50). John Benjamins Publishing.
Cheng, M. (2002) 'The Standoff-what is unsaid? A pragmatic analysis of the conditional marker ‘if’', Discourse & Society 13 (3): 309 – 317.
Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. London: Longman.
Fairclough, N. (1995a) Media Discourse. London: Edward Arnold.
Fairclough, N. (1995b) Critical Discourse Analysis. London: Longman.
Fauzan, Umar. (2013). Analisis Wacana Kritis Fairclough. PENDIDIK. Vol. 5 No. 2, 2013
Fauzan, Umar. (2014a). A CDA of the Ideology of Indonesian MetroTV News Report. International Journal of Linguistics, Volume 6, No. 4, 2014. pp 71-86.
website IJL: www. macrothink.org/ijl.
doi:10.5296/ijl.v6i4.6147. url: http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v6i4.6147
Fauzan, Umar. (2014d). Pendekatan dalam Analisis Wacana Kritis. PENDIDIK. Vol. 6 No. 1, 2014.
Fauzan, Umar. (2015). Transitivitas Teks Berita tvOne mengenai “Luapan Lumpur Sidoarjo”. PEDAGOGIK. Volume 8, Nomor 1, Januari 2015.
Flowerdew, J., Li, D., and Tran, S. (2002) ‘Discriminatory news discourse: Some Hong Kong data’, Discourse & Society 13 (3): 319 – 345.
Fowler, R., Hodge, R., Kress, G. and Trew, T. (1979) Language and Control. London: Routledge and Kegan paul.
Fowler, R. (1991) Language in the News: Discourse and Ideology in the press. London: Routledge.
Joye, S. (2010) ‘News discourse on distant suffering: a Critical Discourse Analysis of the 2003 SARS Outbreak’, Discourse & Society 21 (5): 586 – 601.
Juan, L. (2009) ‘Intertextuality and national identity: discourse of national conflicts in daily newspapers in the United States and China’, Discourse & Society 20 (1): 85 – 121.
Jullian, P. (2011) ‘Appraising through someone else’s words: the evaluative power of quotations in news reports’, Discourse & Society 22 (6): 766 – 780.
Kazemian, B., Behnam, B., & Ghafoori, N. (2013). Ideational grammatical metaphor in scientific texts: a Hallidayan perspective. International Journal of Linguistics, 4(4), 146-168. doi:10.5296/ijl.v5i4.4192.
Kazemian, B., & Hashemi, S. (2014a). Nominalizations in scientific and political genres: A systemic functional linguistics perspective. International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (IJHSS), 3(2), 211-228.
Kazemian, B., & Hashemi, S. (2014b). Critical discourse analysis of Barack Obama's 2012 speeches: Views from systemic functional linguistics and rhetoric. Theory and Practice in Language Studies (TPLS), 4(6), 1178-1187. DOI:10.4304/tpls.4.6.1178-1187.
Zhou, Q. & Kazemian, B. (2015). A Rhetorical Identification Analysis of English Political Public Speaking: John F. Kennedy’s Inaugural Address. International Journal of Language and Linguistics. Special Issue: Critical Discourse Analysis, Rhetoric, and Grammatical Metaphor in Political and Advertisement Discourses. 4(1-1), 10-16. DOI: 10.11648/j.ijll.s.2016040101.12.
Khosravinik, M. (2009) 'The representation of refugees, asylum seekers and immigrants in British newspapers during the Balkan conflict (1999), and the British general election (2005)', Discourse & Society 20 (4): 477 – 498.
Kuo, S. and Nakamura, N. (2005) ‘Translation or transformation? A case study of language and ideology in the Taiwanese press’, Discourse & Society 16 (3): 393 – 417.
Martin, J. R. (2001). Mourning: how we get aligned. Discourse & Society 15(2–3): 321–344.
Mautner, G. (2005) ‘Time to get wired: Using web-based corpora in critical discourse analysis’, Discourse & Society 16 (6): 809 – 828.
Noor, M., Mustafa, R., Muhabat, F. & Kazemian, B. (2015). The Language of TV Commercials’ Slogans: A Semantic Analysis. Communication and Linguistics Studies. 1(1), 7-12. doi: 10.11648/j.cls.20150101.12.
Rasti, A. and Sahragard, R. (2010) ‘Actor analysis and action delegitimation of the participants involved in Iran’s nuclear power contention: A case study of The Economist’, Discourse & Society 23 (6) 729 – 748.
Richardson, J. E. (2004). (Mis) representing Islam: The racism and rhetoric of British broadsheet newspapers (Vol. 9). John Benjamins Publishing.
Richardson, J. (2007) Analysing Newspapers: An approach from Critical Discourse Analysis. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Sinclair, J. (1986) ‘Fictional worlds’. In: Coulthard M (ed.) Talking about text: Studies presented to David Brazil on his Retirement (Discourse Analysis Monographs No. 13). Birmingham: University of Birmingham, English Language Research, 43 – 60.
Teo, P. (2000) ‘Racism in the News: A critical Discourse Analysis of News reporting in Two Australian Newspapers’. Discourse & Society 11 (1): 7 – 49.
Thetela, P. (2001) ‘Critique Discourses and Ideology in Newspapers Reports: A Discourse Analysis of the South African Reports on the 1998 SADC’s Military Intervention in Lesotho’, Discourse & Society 12 (3): 347 – 70.
Van Dijk, T. (1988) News as Discourse. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Van Dijk, T. (1991) Racism and the press. London: Routledge.
Van Dijk, T. (1993) ‘Principles of Critical Discourse Analysis’, Discourse & Society 4 (2): 249 – 83.
Van Dijk, T. (1996) ‘Discourse, Power and Access’, in Carmen Rosa Caldas-Coulthard and Malcolm Coulthard (eds) Texts and Practices: Readings in Critical Discourse Analysis, pp. 84 – 104. London: Roultledge.
Van Dijk, T. (1998) ‘Opinions and Ideologies in the Press’, in A. Bell and P. Garett (eds) Approaches to Media Discourse, pp. 21 – 63. Oxford: Blackwell.
Van Dijk, T. (2000) ‘New(s) Racism: A Discourse Analytical Approach’, in Simon Cottle (eds) Race, Racism and the Mass Media. Milton Keynes: Open University Press
Published
2015-06-16
How to Cite
Issa, M. (2015). Polarized Discourse in the Egyptian News: Critical Discourse Analysis Perspective. Dinamika Ilmu, 15(1), 35-65. https://doi.org/10.21093/di.v15i1.136
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